Please kindly write out all output

Section 3:- Process and System Monitoring Linux has several ways of telling you about processes or tasks in the system.

Section 4:- Introduction to Linux System Administration:- In this part you are asked to be the system administrator on a software project that is vital for the future of the company. You must manage the project areas giving support to the programmers. The project must be finished by 18th December 2018.

The company has hired three new people specifically to help get the project in on time; they are Colin Unix, Mira Java and Ella Solaris. The project name is Quasar.

LOGGING ON

Logon as an administrator

User name: admin

Password: greatjob

Administering UNIX

UNIX really only has two classes of users. The first is simply a user of the system while the second is the superuser who is expected to administer the machine. The superuser has all the authority and can do anything. Normally to do what we have to do in this Lab one would need to be the superuser. But since you are inexperienced and we cannot afford to have our machines trashed, we have used a different facility to provide you with additional powers.

The facility is called the sudo system. It instructs the system to allow root privileges to users and groups in a controlled way. The first time you use sudo you will be asked for a password. This is the password for the admin account (i.e. greatjob). Please be careful.

You will have to help me write out the output

Number 8

*Description

Using pipes to connect processes: -

Pipes are used to redirect the input and output of programs, so that the output of one

program can be used as the input of another program.

Commands

ls al /etc | more

Task

Note the | is the straight or vertical symbol which is referred to as a pipe in UNIX.

Here the more command is used to display the all the files in /etc directory.

Use the space-bar to see all the files in the director

*Output

Section 3.... Number 2

*Description

Using the top command

The top command is also used to report on processes or tasks as well as other system info.

*Commands

*top

Task

Find out what is the total number of processes or tasks running in the system?

How many processes or tasks are sleeping?

The id parameter stands for the idle status.

Find out what percentage of time the processor is idle?

Look at the individual processes, find out the process or task using.

1) The most memory

2)the most CPU time?

*output

Section 3.... Number 3

*Description

Using /proc:- Both the ps and top commands use a special directory called /proc.

This directory contains system information. Lets go to the /proc directory

*Commands

Type: cd /proc

Type: ls to see the files

Use the more command to look at the contents of the following files cpuinfo, meminfo and interrupts.

*Task

Answer the following questions:

(Hint: use the cpuinfo file)

What type of processor is running (Pentium, Celeron, Intel Core Duo, etc.)?

What is its speed?

What is the?

How many size of the processor cache CPUs does your computer have?

(Hint: use the meminfo file)

What is the total amount of memory in the system?

How much memory is being used?

How much memory has been allocated for swap space?

How much swap space is actually being used?

(Hint: use the interrupts file)

Which interrupts are being used by the timer and the Ethernet NIC (eth1 or em1)?

Note: The interrupt number is in the first column on your left. The smaller the interrupt number, the more important the interrupt and thus it is usually given a higher priority. Explain why the timer interrupt is very important.

*Output

Going to the next section now ..............................................

Congratulations!!! You are no longer a guest; you have been promoted!! You are now a systems administrator, looking after Linux machines for a small company that is very dependent on your expertise, so you need to get it right!

Section 4:- Introduction to Linux System Administration:- In this part you are asked to be the system administrator on a software project that is vital for the future of the company. You must manage the project areas giving support to the programmers. The project must be finished by 18th December 2018.

The company has hired three new people specifically to help get the project in on time; they are Colin Unix, Mira Java and Ella Solaris. The project name is Quasar.

LOGGING ON

Logon as an administrator

User name: admin

Password: greatjob

Administering UNIX

UNIX really only has two classes of users. The first is simply a user of the system while the second is the superuser who is expected to administer the machine. The superuser has all the authority and can do anything. Normally to do what we have to do in this Lab one would need to be the superuser. But since you are inexperienced and we cannot afford to have our machines trashed, we have used a different facility to provide you with additional powers.

The facility is called the sudo system. It instructs the system to allow root privileges to users and groups in a controlled way. The first time you use sudo you will be asked for a password. This is the password for the admin account (i.e. greatjob). Please be careful.

Sectiong 4 Number 1 .

*Description

Understanding Groups

UNIX has the concept of groups for people doing collaborative work or for people or services that need certain privileges.

Open a terminal window

Users can see the group(s) to which they belong.

First we need to ensure that user clunix does not already exist. So we first tell the system to remove the user if the user already exists:

We need to also remove the quasar group if it already exists:

*Commands

Type: man groups

Type groups

Type:

sudo/usr/sbin/userdel

-r clunix

Type:

sudo/usr/sbin/groupdel quasar

*Task

write a brief summary of how groups are managed.

write down the answer you get for the admin account.

If the system asks for a password, use the one for the admin account.

*Output

Sectiong 4 Number 2

*Description

Adding a new group

It would be good to add a new group for this project. So lets try to add a new group called quasar. To do this we need to use the command groupadd.

*Commands

Type

Sudo /usr/sbin/groupadd quasar

Type more /etc/group to see of a new group called quasar has been added

*Task

The system will ask you for a password, type the password for admin account.

Write down the group id or gid for the quasar group.

*Output

Sectiong 4 Number 3

*Description

Creating User Accounts

General information on users is kept in the /etc/passwd file on UNIX systems.

*command

Type

more /etc/passwd

*Task

Write down all the fields for the guest account, which you used in for parts 1&2.

What is /home/guest?

What is /bin/bash?

output ?

Sectiong 4 Number 4

*Description

Creating accounts

UNIX, Linux included, has some very powerful commands for administering user accounts. Adding a new account is done using the command useradd. There are many options so you have to be careful with how this account is created.

Lets do a user account for Colin Unix.

We need to note a few things:

1) We need to select a user name or login, lets call him clunix

2) We need to make sure that he is in the quasar group

3) We need to tell the system that his account should expire when the project ends

4) We want to use him to use the bash shell as his default shell.

Select the options that can fulfill the requirements 2, 3, and 4.

So let us create the user account for Colin Unix.

*command

Type man useradd

Type :-

sudo /usr/sbin/useradd e 2018-12-18 g quasar s /bin/bash clunix

*Task

Again, if you are asked for a password, type the password for the admin account.

*Output

Setting up a Password

In UNIX, an account must have a password to be active. Normally, this can only be done by superuser. However we have used the sudo facility to allow you to set up the password for Colin.

Choosing a good password is an important part of the security system in UNIX. Lots of security breaches have occurred because it was easy to guess a users password.

Choose a password for Colin which has 8 characters. A good password should include numbers and letters both common and capital letters and at least one of the non-alphanumeric characters such as $, %, &, etc. Please WRITE the password in the line below:

Password: ----------------------------------------------------------------

Type sudo /usr/bin/passwd clunix

Set up the new password for Colin.

OK, now Colin should be able to log on to the machine.

Reboot the machine.

Sectiong 4 Number 5

Description

Now login in as Colin.

*command

So user name: clunix

Password: (use the one you made up)

Open a terminal window and

Verify that you are indeed clunix by typing the command: whoami

Type groups

*Task

Is Colin in the quasar group?

*Output

2. top Using the top command The top command is also used to report on processes or tasks as well as other system info. I Find out what is the total number of processes or tasks running in the system? How many processes or tasks are sleeping? The id parameter stands for the idle status. Find out what percentage of time the processor is idle? Look at the individual processes, find out the process or task using 1) The most memory 2)the most CPU time? Answer the following questions: (Hint: use the cpuinfo 3. Using /proc:- Both the ps and Type: cd /proc top commands use a special Type: Is to see the directory called /proc. files This directory contains system information. Let's go to the Use the more /proc directory command to look at the contents of the following files cpuinfo, meminfo and interrupts. I file) What type of processor is running (Pentium, Celeron, Intel Core Duo, etc.)? What is its speed? What is the? How many size of the processor cache CPUs does your computer have? 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Creating User Accounts General information on users Type more /etc/passwd Write down all the fields for the guest is kept in the /etc/passwd file on UNIX systems. I account, which you used in for parts 1&2. What is /home/guest? What is /bin/bash? 4. Creating accounts UNIX, Linux included, has some very powerful commands for administering user accounts. Adding a new account is done using the command useradd. There are many options so you have to roc & 3 hp 3 LORITI SAM ICIC OIC many options so you have to be careful with how this account is created. Let's do a user account for Colin Unix. We need to note a few things: 1) We need to select a user name or login, let's call him clunix 2) We need to make sure that he is in the quasar group 3) We need to tell the system that his account should expire when the project ends 4) We want to use him to Type man useradd use the bash shell as his default shell. I Select the options that can Type: Again, if you are asked fulfill the requirements 2, 3, sudo /usr/sbin/useradd for a password, type and 4. e 2018-12-18 -9 the password for the So let us create the user quasar -s /bin/bash admin account. account for Colin Unix. dunix XRD veb. Section 3:- Process and System Monitoring Linux has several ways of telling you about processes or tasks in the system. Section 4:- Introduction to Linux System Administration:- In this part you are asked to be the system administrator on a software project that is vital for the future of the company. You must manage the project areas giving support to the programmers. The project must be finished by 18th December 2018 The company has hired three new people specifically to help get the project in on time: they are Colin Unix, Mira Java and Ella Solaris. The project name is Quasar. 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