Pre$-$Increment$/$Decrement

Increment$/$decrement variable before substituting for operation using the incremented

value in the operation

$++$a

o a is incremented by $1($e$.$g$.$ a $=$ a $+1)$

o The value of a is now placed in the expression

$--$a

o a is decremented by $1($e$.$g$.$ a $=$ a $-1)$

o The value of a is now placed in the expression