Problem :

A. Assume the miss rate of an instruction cache is 4% and the miss rate of the data cache is 10%. If a processor has a CPI of 2 without any memory stalls and the miss penalty is 100 cycles for all misses, determine how much faster a processor would run with a perfect cache that never missed. Assume the frequency of all loads and stores is 40%.

B. Find the average memory access time(AMAT) for a processor with a 1 ns clock cycle time, a miss penalty of 40 clock cycles, instruction miss rate of 10%, and a cache access time (including hit detection) of 1 clock cycle. Assume that the read and write miss penalties are the same and ignore other write stalls.