Professor Smis is interested in examining whether using victim services with a focus on coping mechanisms after a violent victimization improves the psychological functioning of survivors. Professor Smis contacts the county agency responsible for providing services to victims and gains a list of all survivors of violent victimization who accessed victim services in the last year. Out of those who accessed victim services with a focus on coping mechanisms, she randomly samples 100 as her treatment group. She randomly samples another 100 from those who used victim services but used a program that did not have a focus on coping mechanisms. All 200 individuals gave informed consent to participate in the study (do not critique ethics). She looks at their scores on psychological functioning (all victim services used the same validated scale for psychological functioning) at the point of intake into the program and the agencies administer the test again when they exited the program. She notices that survivors in both groups improved in their psychological functioning. However, she notices that those in her treatment group improved more on their psychological functioning than the group that used victim services without a focus on coping mechanisms. This difference was statistically significant. Based on this, Professor Smis concludes that using victim services that focus on coping mechanisms may be associated with greater improvements in psychological functioning than using victim services without a focus on coping mechanisms, for this group of survivors.