Provide correct answers to the following questions

Question 1

The hire purchase act implies some terms in every hire purchase agreement. One of these terms is merchantability. This is a condition that the goods are of merchantable quality unless they are second hand. There are however some instances when this condition may be dispensed with. Outline two of the instances when merchantability may be dispensed with.

Question 2

I recently saw a patient with pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). He was

not particularly unwell and not jaundiced. But 1 week later he was found

to have a liver abscess on ultrasound. How can one make the diagnosis

earlier?

Question 3

What is the most recent management of HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma)?

What is radiofrequency ablation? What is its role in the management of

HCC and its prognosis?

Question 4

How do you differentiate haemorrhagic ascitic fluid due to malignancy

and accidental rupture of blood vessel while withdrawing the fluid?

Question 5

Is there any place for the medical treatment of gallstones with

ursodeoxycholic acid?

Question 6

In a case of common bile duct stones, where it is acknowledged that

spontaneous passage within 24 hours is observed in approximately 50%

of patients provided the stone is small, and that in these cases there is no

need for a sphincterotomy, is the use of antispasmodics, e.g. Buscopan

(active ingredient hyoscine-N-butylbromide), recommended? Surely

these will reduce the pain and improve the chance of a spontaneous

release of obstruction without surgical procedure?

Question 7

What is sphincter of Oddi dysfunction?

Question 8

I would like to know: what is the role of lysosomal hydrolases (cathepsin

B) in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis?

Question 9

What is the role of octreotide in management of acute pancreatitis?

Question 10

Why does paralytic ileus occur in pancreatitis?

Question 11

How sensitive is the increase in serum lipase levels in the case of acute

pancreatitis?

Question 12

What is the association between chronic pancreatitis and peripheral

vascular disease (PVD)?

Question 13

Please, can you explain to us the mechanism of pancreatitis in

hypertriglyceridaemias?

Question 14

Is there any role for chemotherapy in carcinoma of the pancreas?

Question 15

1. How should portal hypertension be managed in patients with

bronchial asthma, where beta-blockers are contraindicated?

2. How should diuretics for these patients with hypertension be added?