PSYC 355 SPSS CUMULATIVE ASSESSMENT INSTRUCTIONS CHERISE TURNER PSYC 355-D03 The following research questions can be answered using 1 of the 5 tests you have learned so far: single-sample t-test, paired-samples t-test, independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, or twoway ANOVA. Use the information in the tables to construct your SPSS data file, just as you have been doing in Part 2 of each homework assignment. There is only 1 correct choice of analysis for each question, and note that some tests are 1-tailed and some are 2-tailed. The assessment is open-book/open-notes. For each problem involving a test of significance, your answer must include: A) SPSS output; B) an appropriate graph from SPSS; C) a Results section in current APA style including a statistical statement (i.e., t(19) = 1.79, p = .049); a sentence summarizing the results \"in English\" (i.e., \"There was a significant difference between the two groups on the variable...\" or \"There was no significant difference...\"); and a decision about the null hypothesis. For ANOVA problems: Report statistical findings and make statements for all main effects and interaction effects. Use Tukey's test for any analyses requiring post hoc tests. Do not create a boxplot for the 2-way ANOVAuse the graph we typically use in the course for this type of test. Submit this assignment by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 5. 1. Children who experience school-related anxiety are the focus of a psychiatrist's study. Specifically, the psychiatrist wants to measure whether a new program helps decrease feelings of anxiety in the short-term. He measures children's self-reports of school-related anxiety before treatment on a standardized scale with a range of 0-12, with 12 being the most severe. He then administers the new program, and measures children's self-reported anxiety after treatment. Does the new treatment decrease self-reported levels of school-related anxiety? Choose the correct test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS file, and run the analysis. Follow the directions under the table below. (16 pts) Patien t 1 2 3 4 5 6Pair 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Pair 1 14 15 16 Anxiety before tx Anxiety after tx 10 8 a) SPSS output 6 6 8 5 Paired Samples Statistics 4 3 Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean 5 3 Anxiety_Before_Tx 16 2.802 .700 12 9 7.63 9 6 6.00 Anxiety_After_Tx 16 2.129 .532 9 8 6 7 8 7 Paired Samples Correlations 2 3 5 4 N Correlation Sig. 11 6 Anxiety_Before_Tx & 16 .827 11 10 .000 Anxiety_After_Tx 7 5 9 6 Page 1 of 15 PSYC 355 Paired Samples Test Paired Differences 95% Confidence Interval of the Std. Deviatio Std. Error n Mean Mean Pair 1 Anxiety_Before_Tx Anxiety_After_Tx 1.625 1.586 .397 Difference Lower Sig. (2t df tailed) Upper .780 2.470 4.097 b) SPSS graph c) Current APA-style Results section Page 2 of 15 15 .001 PSYC 355 APA Results: A paired-sample t-test was conducted to determine whether a new program of treatment helps decrease feelings of school-related anxiety in children. The results, t(15)= 4.10, p < .01, are significant because anxiety levels decreased after treatment (M = 6.00, SD = 2.13) than they were before treatment (M = 7.63, SD = 2.80). Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis. These results suggests that there is a decrease in school-related anxiety levels among children after the new program of treatment is applied. 2. In a study of the relationship between girls' playtime activities and self-esteem, 17 girls in a fourthgrade class are selected and randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group plays with a selection of Barbie dolls for one hour, and the other group plays with a selection of toy animal figures. At the end of the hour, the girls are given a verbal interview designed to measure self-esteem. Scores range from 1-12, and higher scores = higher feelings of self-esteem. Is there a significant difference between the groups on feelings of self-esteem? Choose the correct test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS file, and run the analysis. Follow the directions under the table below. (16 pts) 4 3 7 9 6 10 4 6 5 10 8 5 11 10 6 7 9 Barbie Group Toy Animal Group a) SPSS output Group Statistics Play_Group Self_Esteem_Scores N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Barbie Group 9 6.00 2.345 .782 Toy Animal Group 8 8.25 2.121 .750 Independent Samples Test Page 3 of 15 PSYC 355 Levene's Test for Equality of Variances F Self_Esteem_Scores Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed .002 Sig. .963 t-test for Equality of Means t -2.064 -2.077 df 15 14.99 0 Std. 95% Confidence Error Interval of the Difference Sig. (2- Mean Differen tailed) Difference ce Lower Upper .057 -2.250 1.090 -4.574 .074 .055 -2.250 1.083 -4.559 .059 b) SPSS graph Page 4 of 15 PSYC 355 c) Current APA-style Results section APA Results: An independent samples t test was conducted to evaluate the relationship between girls' playtime activities and self-esteem. The test was significant, t(15) = - 2.06, p < .10. On average girls who played with toy animals had higher feelings of self-esttem (M = 8.25, SD = 2.12) than those who played with barbies (M = 6.00, SD = 2.35). Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is a relationship between girls' playtime activities and self-esteem. 3. An investigator in child development research is studying whether parenting styles have an effect on second grade students' behavior at school. She interviews 23 volunteer families from the same class and separates them into three groups of parenting styles: authoritarian (n = 8); authoritative (n = 8); and permissive (n = 7). Their teacher fills out a behavior inventory for each of the 23 children, and the investigator collects and scores them. The scores are contained in the table below. The scores can range from 0-20, and a higher score indicates more behavior problems. Is there a significant difference between the groups? Choose the correct test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS file, and run the analysis. Follow the directions under the table below. (16 pts) Authoritarian 8, 13, 4, 15, 5, 4, 9, 12 Authoritative 8, 5, 6, 4, 2, 5, 10, 13 Permissive 10, 8, 16, 9, 8, 3, 15 a) SPSS output Page 5 of 15 PSYC 355 b) Descriptives Behaviour_scores 95% Confidence Interval for Mean N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum authoritarian 8 8.7500 4.26782 1.50890 5.1820 12.3180 4.00 15.00 authoritative 8 6.6250 3.54310 1.25268 3.6629 9.5871 2.00 13.00 permissive 7 9.8571 4.45079 1.68224 5.7408 13.9734 3.00 16.00 23 8.3478 4.12981 .86113 6.5620 10.1337 2.00 16.00 Total ANOVA Behaviour_scores Sum of Squares Between Groups df Mean Square 40.985 2 20.493 Within Groups 334.232 20 16.712 Total 375.217 22 F Sig. 1.226 .315 Page 6 of 15 PSYC 355 Multiple Comparisons Behaviour_scores Tukey HSD 95% Confidence Interval (J) (I) Parenting_styl Mean Difference Parenting_style e authoritarian authoritative permissive (I-J) authoritative Lower Std. Error Sig. Bound Upper Bound 2.12500 2.04399 .561 -3.0463 7.2963 permissive -1.10714 2.11573 .861 -6.4599 4.2456 authoritarian -2.12500 2.04399 .561 -7.2963 3.0463 permissive -3.23214 2.11573 .300 -8.5849 2.1206 authoritarian 1.10714 2.11573 .861 -4.2456 6.4599 authoritative 3.23214 2.11573 .300 -2.1206 8.5849 Behaviour_scores Tukey HSDa,,b Subset for alpha = 0.05 Parenting_style N 1 authoritative 8 6.6250 authoritarian 8 8.7500 permissive 7 9.8571 Sig. .292 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 7.636. b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed. b) SPSS graph Page 7 of 15 PSYC 355 c) Current APA-style Results section APA Results: A one-way ANOVA was conducted to investigate whether parenting styles have an effect on second grade students' behavior at school. The mean score of permissive style parenting (9.86) is highest in comparison to authoritarian parenting style(8.75) and authoritative parenting style (6.63); there was no significant effect of of parenting styles on students' behavior. F (2, 20) = 1.23, p = 0.315. We reject the null hypothesis. 4. A pollster is looking at the effects of political party and gender on attitudes towards television media. She administers a questionnaire with possible scores ranging from 1-45, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes towards television media, and lower scores indicating less positive attitudes. Based on the data collected below, do political party and/or gender have an effect on attitudes towards television media? Choose the correct test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS file, and run the analysis. Follow the directions under the table below. (16 pts) Male Republica n 23 30 18 17 11 Democra t 19 25 20 36 10 Libertaria n 14 12 6 22 9 Independen t 37 21 13 16 8 Page 8 of 15 PSYC 355 Female 20 12 10 18 7 27 35 19 28 16 10 15 10 21 8 12 11 40 29 20 a) SPSS output Page 9 of 15 PSYC 355 b) Between-Subjects Factors Value Label Gende 1.00 r Party N Male 25 2.00 Female 15 1.00 Republican 10 2.00 Democrat 10 3.00 Libertarian 10 4.00 Independen 10 t Descriptive Statistics Dependent Variable:Attitude_Score Gende r Party Mean Std. Deviation N Male Republican 19.8000 7.12039 5 Democrat 22.0000 9.51315 5 Libertarian 12.6000 6.06630 5 Independen 20.7000 11.15597 10 19.1600 9.38385 25 Femal Republican 13.4000 5.45894 5 e Democrat 25.0000 7.58288 5 Libertarian 12.8000 5.26308 5 Total 17.0667 8.16322 15 Republican 16.6000 6.86699 10 Democrat 23.5000 8.26304 10 Libertarian 12.7000 5.35516 10 Independen 20.7000 11.15597 10 18.3750 8.89739 40 t Total Total t Total Page 10 of 15 PSYC 355 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable:Attitude_Score Mean Source Type III Sum of Squares df Square F Sig. 795.275a 6 12546.603 1 8.533 1 8.533 .123 .728 Party 637.727 3 212.576 3.061 .042 Gender * Party 116.467 2 58.233 .838 .441 Error 2292.100 33 69.458 Total 16593.000 40 3087.375 39 Corrected 132.546 1.908 .109 12546.603 180.637 .000 Model Intercept Gender Corrected Total a. R Squared = .258 (Adjusted R Squared = .123) Multiple Comparisons Attitude_Score Tukey HSD 95% Confidence Interval Lower (I) Party (J) Party Republican Democrat -6.9000 3.72713 .268 -16.9817 3.1817 Libertarian 3.9000 3.72713 .724 -6.1817 13.9817 Independent -4.1000 3.72713 .692 -14.1817 5.9817 Republican 6.9000 3.72713 .268 -3.1817 16.9817 Libertarian 10.8000* 3.72713 .032 .7183 20.8817 Independent 2.8000 3.72713 .875 -7.2817 12.8817 Republican -3.9000 3.72713 .724 -13.9817 6.1817 -10.8000* 3.72713 .032 -20.8817 -.7183 Independent -8.0000 3.72713 .160 -18.0817 2.0817 Republican 4.1000 3.72713 .692 -5.9817 14.1817 Democrat -2.8000 3.72713 .875 -12.8817 7.2817 Libertarian 8.0000 3.72713 .160 -2.0817 18.0817 Democrat Libertarian Mean Difference (I-J) Democrat Independent Std. Error Sig. Bound Upper Bound Based on observed means. The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 69.458. Page 11 of 15 PSYC 355 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable:Attitude_Score Mean Source Type III Sum of Squares df Square F Sig. 795.275a 6 12546.603 1 8.533 1 8.533 .123 .728 Party 637.727 3 212.576 3.061 .042 Gender * Party 116.467 2 58.233 .838 .441 Error 2292.100 33 69.458 Total 16593.000 40 3087.375 39 Corrected 132.546 1.908 .109 12546.603 180.637 .000 Model Intercept Gender Corrected Total a. R Squared = .258 (Adjusted R Squared = .123) Multiple Comparisons Attitude_Score Tukey HSD 95% Confidence Interval Lower (I) Party (J) Party Republican Democrat -6.9000 3.72713 .268 -16.9817 3.1817 Libertarian 3.9000 3.72713 .724 -6.1817 13.9817 Independent -4.1000 3.72713 .692 -14.1817 5.9817 Republican 6.9000 3.72713 .268 -3.1817 16.9817 Libertarian 10.8000* 3.72713 .032 .7183 20.8817 Independent 2.8000 3.72713 .875 -7.2817 12.8817 Republican -3.9000 3.72713 .724 -13.9817 6.1817 -10.8000* 3.72713 .032 -20.8817 -.7183 Independent -8.0000 3.72713 .160 -18.0817 2.0817 Republican 4.1000 3.72713 .692 -5.9817 14.1817 Democrat -2.8000 3.72713 .875 -12.8817 7.2817 Libertarian 8.0000 3.72713 .160 -2.0817 18.0817 Democrat Libertarian Mean Difference (I-J) Democrat Independent Std. Error Sig. Bound Upper Bound *. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level. Page 12 of 15 PSYC 355 b) SPSS graph c) Current APA-style Results section APA Results: A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine whether political party and/or gender has an effect on attitudes towards television media. There is no significant effect of gender and party on attitudes towards television media; F (2, 33) = 0.838, p = 0.441. The main effects shows that there is no significant effect of gender on attitude towards television media, F (1, 33) = 0.123, p = 0.728. There is a significant effect of party on attitudes towards television media, F (3, 33) = 3.061, p = 0.042. There is a significant difference between Democrat and Libertarian scores ( p = 0.032). 5. A clinical psychologist is studying feelings of helplessness in a sample of 18 adult participants diagnosed with hoarding disorder. He contends that those with this disorder will have stronger and more prevalent feelings of helplessness than adults in the general population. He assesses feelings of helplessness on a scale with a possible range of 1-55, with higher scores indicating higher levels of helplessness. The mean in the general population on this measure is 11.5. The sample's scores are as follows: Helplessness Scores 19 Page 13 of 15 PSYC 355 10 35 6 42 36 49 15 12 11 16 8 28 10 14 19 7 31 Do these participants score significantly higher on the helplessness scale? Choose the correct test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS file, and run the analysis. Follow the directions below. (16 pts) a) SPSS output b) N Helplessness_Scor Mean 18 20.444 e One-Sample Statistics Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean 13.10690 3.08933 4 One-Sample Test Test Value = 11.5 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference t Helplessness_Scor e df 2.89 Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 17 .010 8.94444 Lower Upper 2.4265 15.4624 5 Page 14 of 15 PSYC 355 b) SPSS graph c) Current APA-style Results section APA Results: A single-sample t test was conducted to test whether the average helplessness scores of those diagnosed with hoarding disorder is higher than the general population average of 11.5. The results indicate that those diagnosed with hoarding disorder is higher (M = 20.44, SD = 13.11) than the general population mean of 11.5, t (17) = 2.90, p = .01. The mean difference between the sample and the general population is 8.94. This is a one-tailed test so the p value (0.005) is less than 0.05, therefore we reject the null hypothesis. The group diagnosed with hoarding disorder has stronger and more prevalent feelings of helplessness than adults in the general population. Page 15 of 15