Qualitative observations consist of what type of observations?

a. indirect

b. direct

c. historical

d. archival

Which of the following is not a type of a qualitative observation?

a. ethnographic observations

b. passive observations

c. focus groups

d. case studies

Becoming involved in the social processes being observed is known as:

a. observation

b. direct observation

c .participant observation

d. indirect participation

Ethnographic research has some difficulty in terms of:

a. validity

b. impressionism

c. reliability

d. observation

Which of the following is not a way to improve ethnographic research?

a. Focus on validity of the data.

b. Have several researchers collect data

c. Combine quantitative and qualitative data collection methods

d. Have one or more hypotheses in mind.

Case studies warrant significance in a statistical sense.

1. True
2. False

Mixed-methodsare a way to overcome single approach limitations.

1. True
2. False

Analysis of archival data is referred to as:

a. primary analysis

b. aggregated analysis

c. secondary analysis

d. historical analysis

A literature review based on statistical analysis is known as:

a. meta-analysis

b. statistical review

c. standardized review

d. Glassianreview

Studies with different scales are made comparable with:

a. standard deviations

b. actual scores

c. correlations

d. none of the above

Individuals are aggregated units of analysis.

1. True
2. False

The Ethnographic Atlas is useful for studying highly organized agrarian societies.

1. True
2. False

Which of the following is an aggregated unit of analysis?

a. Neighborhood

b. Individual

c. Subject

d. Person

Which of the following is the primary source of official crime statistics in the US?

a. NCVS

b. UCR

c. SHR

d. Self-reports

The best way to capture the dark figure of crime is through which of the following?

a. UCR

b. NIBRS

c. SHR

d. NCVS

One of the reasons the UCR underreportscrime is known as:

a. hierarchy rule

b. aggravating factors rule

c. mitigating factors rule

d. crimeseriousness

Murder is theonly crime the UCR provides supplemental information on.

1. True
2. False

There is no way to improve the UCR.

1. True
2. False

The UCR and NCVS agree on which of the following?

a. Arrest rates

b. Reporting rates

c. Incident rates

d. There is no agreement between the UCR and NCVS

Measuring criminality does not involve assessing risk factors for committing crime.

1. True
2. False