Question 1 0.8 pts Amorphophallus johnsonii, a West African carrion beetle-pollinated "corpse flower," was studied for amount of nocturnal insect visits. After many nightly observations, the data for the visits is summarized as follows: Sample Size (n) 48 Mean (Y 98 Standard Deviation (S) 71 What is the standard error of the mean for these data? (answer to 1 decimal) Question 2 0.8 pts To investigate the importance of sleep, Lesku et al. (2012) measured the activity patterns of breeding pectoral sandpipers (Calidris melanotos) in the endless daylight of the high Arctic in summer. The figure shows the observed percent tine that individual males were awake and active in a 2008 field study. The data points are on the left, and the sample mean with either standard deviation, standard error of the mean, or 95% confidence interval are shown to the right of the data (in no particular order). 95 90 85 Avtivity (% time) 80 75 70 - Data A B C Which of the bars indicates the 95% confidence interval for the mean? OA O B OCA survey of sexual attitudes and behavior in Britain between 1999 and 2001 contacted 15,784 households and interviewed 11.207 respondents aged 1M4 years (one per household), The frequency distributions of ages of men and women respondents were the same, The data are displayed in the table below. Sample Standard Mean . size (n) Deviation Men 4,368 3.6 7.2 Women 6295 2.5 4.1 What is the standard error of the mean in men? Report your answer to three decimal places. Question 4 0.8 ms To investigate the importance of sleep, Lesku et al. [2012) measured the activity patterns of breeding pectoral sandpipers (Calidris melanotos) in the endless daylight of the high Arctic in summer. The figure shows the observed percent tine that individual males were awake and active in a 2008 eld study. The data points are on the left, and the sample mean With either standard deviation, standard error of the mean, or 95% confidence interval are shown to the right of the data [in no particular order). Avtivily (in. time) Data A B C Which of the bars indicates the standard error of the mean? CA CH Oc Question 5 0.8 pts One benefit of an increased sample size would be an improvement i v [ Select ] accuracy precision Question 6 0.8 pts In Vancouver, British Columbia, the probability of rain during a winter day is 0.53, for a spring day is 0.4, for a summer day is 0.26, and for a fall day is 0.52. Each of these seasons lasts one quarter of the year. What is the probability of rain on a randomly chosen day in Vancouver? Round your answer to three decimal places Question 7 0.8 pts Imagine that a collection of 1600 pea plants from on of Mendel's experiments had 900 that were tall plants with green pods, 300 that were tall with yellow pods, 300 that were short with green pods, and 100 that were short with yellow pods. What kind of traits are "tall" and "green pods" for this collection of plants? O non-mutually exclusive O dependent ( conditional independent Question 8 0.8 pts Which of the following calculations require that you utilize the addition rule? O Calculate the probability of children with both cystic fibrosis and polydactyly when parents are each heterozygous for both genes O Calculate the probability of black offspring from the cross AaBb x AaBb, when B is the symbol for black Calculate the probability of each of four children having cystic fibrosis if the parents are both heterozygous. O Calculate the probability of purple flower color in a plot of 50 plants seeded from a self-fertilizing heterozygous parent plant O Calculate the probability of a child having either sickle-cell anemia or cystic fibrosis if parents are each heterozygous for bothQuestion 9 0.8 pts Which of the following is the best statement of the use of the addition rule of probability? the probability of producing two or more heterozygous offspring the probability that two or more independent events will both occur O the probability that either one of two independent events will occur O the likelihood that a trait is due to two or more meiotic events O the probability that two or more independent events will both occur in the offspring of one set of parents Question 10 0.8 pts In Vancouver, British Columbia, the probability of rain during a winter day is 0.51, for a spring day is 0.33, for a summer day is 0.15, and for a fall day is 0.5. Each of these seasons lasts one quarter of the year. If you were told that on a particular day it was raining in Vancouver, what would be the probability that this day would be a winter day? Round your answer to three decimal places Question 11 0.8 pts Consider 4 species of plants in Point of Rocks Park where there are 40 White Pines, 80 Hackberries, 120 Pin Oaks, and 60 Tulip Poplars. What is the probability, and explain how you go about finding the probability, of randomly picking a Pin Oak out of this park. The probability is To get the probability, divide by Question 12 0.8 pts Based on previous surveys of the James River, you know that the probability of observing a black rat snake (Pantherophis obsoletus) is 0.016 for any given observation effort. How many observation efforts would you have to make to on average to observe a single black rat snake?Question 13 0.8 pts Consider a diploid population with 12 alleles at a single locus. How many possible genotypes are there? For heterozygous, the order of the alleles doesn't matter (so, treat Aa and aA as the same genotype). You'll want to use this formula: (r + n - 1)! r!(n - 1)! (if you cannot see the image, it's (r+n-1)!/rl(n-1)!) For more info, here's a helpful website: (http://www.mathsisfun.com/combinatorics/combinations-permutations.html " ) You can still use the other version of the formula if that is what you're most familiar with - you just need to add in the extra set of homozygotes once you get your answer. Question 14 0.8 pts Consider two genes that are independent, the A gene and the B gene. Each gene has two alleles (A gene: A, and A2, B gene: B, and B2). The frequency of A, allele at the A gene is 0.48 and the frequency of the By allele at the B gene is 0.3. What is the probability of an individual in a randomly mating population of having A1A2B, B2 as their genotype? (calculate to 4 decimal places) Question 15 0.8 pts If the probability of being a great ape is 0.03 and the probability of having orange hair is 0.25, and having orange hair and being a great ape are independent, what is the total probability of an orange-haired great ape? (answer to 3 decimal places) Question 16 0.8 pts Consider a guinea pig. There are 3 possible coat colors for this species of guinea pig each with its own probability: Pr(orange) = 0.15, Pr(brown) = 0.49, and Pr(white) = 0.84. What is the probability of a guinea pig of this species being orange or white? (answer to 3 decimal places)Question 17 0.8 pts The frequency of purple pollen cones is 0.69 in a population of Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana). In the same population, the frequency of four needles per fascicle is 0.58. If these two traits are independent, what is the probability that a single pine tree has both purple pollen cones and four needles per fascicle? (calculate to 2 decimals) Question 18 0.8 pts If you hiked in Pocahontas State Park 100 times last year and you saw a White-crowned Sparrow 80 times, what is the probability that you will observe a White-crowned Sparrow next time you go hiking at Pocahontas State Park? (calculate to 2 decimal places) Question 19 0.8 pts You are studying mate preferences in the Crested Guan (Penelope purpurascens) of Costa Rica. You randomly sample 129 males and 129 females. How many possible male-female couples are there in your sample?Question 20 0.8 pts If Dr. Takei makes 150 observations on a coastal barrier island. In each observation, she either finds a woody shrub, a vining plant, or both. She finds a wood shrub 80 times, a vining plant 35 times, and a co-occurrence of vining plants and woody shrubs 35 times. Based on this information, which Venn diagram below correctly displays the probability of finding a woody shrub, a vining plant, or both on Dr. Takei's coastal barrier island? The probability of finding a woody shrub is in blue, vining plants are in yellow, and the co-occurrence is in grey. COQuestion 21 0.8 pts A histogram depicting the null distribution has [x] on the y-axis. Question 22 0.8 pts = 0.05 0.2 Probability Critical Critical value Observed value 0.0 .6 -4 -2 0 SND Consider the result of a statistical hypothesis test displayed in the image above. Using your knowledge of statistical hypothesis tests, you would [x] (reject or fail to reject) the null hypothesis. Question 23 0.8 pts In a clinical trial, the researchers rejected the null hypothesis "The treatment has no effect" with a P-value of 0.04. The significance level was set to 0.05. Indicate whether it would be "correct" or "incorrect" to make the following statements based on the given information by matching. The treatment has only a small effect. [ Choose] incorrect If a had been set to 0.01, the null hypothesis would not have been rejected. correct The probability of committing a Type | error is 0.04. [ Choose ] The probability of committing a Type II error is 0.04. [ Choose ]Question 24 0.8 pts Number of mothers guessing correctly Probability 0 0.002 1 0.018 2 0.070 3 0.164 4 0.246 5 0.246 6 0.164 7 0.070 0.018 0.002 Can parents distinguish their own children by smell alone? To investigate, Porter and Moore (1981) gave new T-shirts to children of 9 mothers. Each child wore his or her shirt to bed for three consecutive nights. During the day, from waking until bedtime, the shirts were kept in individually sealed plastic bags. No scented soaps or perfumes were used during the study. Each mother was then given the shirt of her child and that of another, randomly chosen child and asked to identify her own child's shirt by smell. Eight of nine mothers identified their children correctly. Considering the null distribution table provided, what is the probability of obtaining 8 or more correct identifications? Answer to two decimal places. Question 25 0.8 pts The power of a test can be increased by: increasing the sample size O reducing the value of a O reducing the sample size