Question 1 (15 marks) A. You are an investment consultant working for a superannuation firm. One of the fixed-income portfolio managers wants to understand more about managing interest rate risk in the portfolio, and she is particularly interested in understanding the concept of duration. The portfolio currently contains option free bonds but the manager is considering adding bonds with embedded options into the portfolio. The manager is also considering purchasing a three-year 5% annual coupon paying bond. Using the par rates for annual coupon sovereign debt in the figure below and bootstrapping method to obtain the 2-year, 3-year and 4-year spot rates.