Question 1. Answer all parts 1. Consider the following three bonds: Bond N Par Value 1,000 Coupon 6% Time to Maturity Required Yield 6% Bond S 1,000 8% Bond T 1,000 Zero 5 years 3 years 7 years 6% 6% (a) Calculate and interpret the present values of each bond. [10 marks] (b) Calculate the Macaulay duration and Modified duration for each bond. Interpret your results. [11 marks] (c) If required yield rises from 6% to 6.8%) use duration to calculate the price changes for each bond, (ii) explain why these calculated price changes might be imprecise, and (1) discuss the action that a bond portfolio manager should take in this situation. [12 marks] II. Explain why an actively managed fund might be searching for positive alpha' and critically analyse the key characteristics of an active equity investment strategy based on security selection [17 marks] Question2. Answer all parts 1. Briefly outline the stages involved in a top down' approach to portfolio management, and critically analyse the fund management considerations when acting on behalf of a gross investor' (using the client's utility function), as well as a "net investor' (using a 'safety-first criterion) [25 marks) II. Critically discuss the main principles of managing a bond portfolio using immunisation and cash matching approaches. [18 marks] III. Suppose that the current yield on a two-year government bond is 8% and the yield on an equivalent one-year bond is 11% p.a. Calculate the one-year forward rate of interest beginning in one year's time, assuming an investment of 100. (5 marks] IV. Consider a bond portfolio X, which achieved a return of 30% over the previous year, with an average duration of 8 years. The duration of the market portfolio of bonds was 4 years, and the risk-free rate was 10%. What is the duration-adjusted excess return of portfolio X? [2 marks]