Question :

1. Provide a model diagram similar to Figure 2, to illustrate answers to questions A-D As they relate to the health information system EPIC.

• Figure 2 and answers to questions A-D are provided as a reference below:

a) It is vital to identify key stakeholders in order to guarantee the effective development and implementation of an information system. These key stakeholders each have their own needs, requirements, contributions, and expectations. The major users of the Epic electronic health record-based system are healthcare practitioners; thus, satisfying their demands and expectations is essential to the widespread implementation and continued success of the system. Their requirements call for an intuitive and user-friendly interface that can simplify and automate the activities involved in data administration. Patients are also important stakeholders in the healthcare industry, and their requirements and expectations include the protection of the confidentiality of their medical information. It is possible that healthcare managers and regulatory authorities may need data analytics in order to monitor and enhance the quality of healthcare and comply with regulations. In order to conduct risk assessments and make educated choices, insurance companies may need access to up-to-date and correct patient information. To fulfill the expectations and requirements of the stakeholders, it is vital to first identify their needs and requirements and then check that the information system fulfills those needs and requirements.

b) The individual healthcare organization and the importance it places on patient care may cause the vision, strategy, objectives, and vital signs of public health services that are used in the operationalization of the information system to differ from one another. Yet, the goal ought to be to provide treatment that is of a high standard, focused on the patient, and that is easily accessible, productive, and economical. In order to accomplish these objectives, the approach may entail using technology, doing data analytics, and forming collaborative alliances. The reduction of healthcare expenses, the improvement of patient outcomes, the increase of patient happiness, and the fulfillment of legal and regulatory obligations might all be included among the aims. Measures that might be considered vital signs include things like patient wait times, readmission rates, prescription mistake rates, infection rate rates, and financial performance. Achieving the entire objective of the healthcare organization relies heavily on successfully ensuring that the information system is in line with the aforementioned aims and important indicators.

c) The process support and strategic vision summary models shown in Figure 1 ought to serve as the foundation for the strategic vision of the information system. The process support model entails determining the primary processes that the information system should support, such as clinical decision-making, patient care, and data management. Aligning the information system with the larger corporate strategy and objectives, such as improving patient outcomes, boosting efficiency, and decreasing costs, is a component of the strategic vision summary model. These models should be included into the strategic vision, and the final objective should be to establish a system that is user-friendly, interoperable, data-driven, secure, scalable, and aligned with organizational goals. This system should also support critical clinical procedures. It is essential to make certain that the information system supports important clinical activities and is aligned with the aims of the organization in order to guarantee its adoption and success.

d) Certain information products and services, such as software development, user experience design, data analytics tools, interoperability standards, privacy and security protocols, as well as training and support services for healthcare practitioners, may be required in order to develop and implement the information system. These goods and services have to be adapted to meet the particular requirements of the healthcare organization and the many stakeholders involved in it. For instance, the development of software should center on the creation of an interface that is both simple and user-friendly, and that speeds the operations of data administration. Insights into clinical operations, patient outcomes, and financial performance should be provided via data analytics technologies. In order to guarantee a smooth data interchange with other EHR systems, interoperability standards must to be geared toward the best practices prevalent in the industry as well as any applicable regulatory mandates. Protecting sensitive patient data and ensuring regulatory compliance should be among the goals of any privacy and security standard that is developed. It is essential that healthcare practitioners have access to training and support services in order for them to be able to use the system in an effective and productive manner. In order to ensure the effective creation and deployment of the information system, it is necessary to ensure that these goods and services suit the demands of the healthcare organization as well as the stakeholders of that organization.

Health Care Delivery Network Clinical Information System CIS Investment Clinical Strategy (CIS) Strategic Vision Portfolio Clinical Care CIS Strategic Process Support Vision Summary Clinical Care Oversight Information Process Technology Support Strategic Strategic Clinical Clinical Direct Clinical Clinical Information Specific CIS Clinical Vision Strategy Vital Care Process Products Goals Systems Signs Support and Services Ancillary Clinical Care Information Process Management External Support Environmental Influences Fig. 1. Clinical Information System Strategic Planning Model. (From: Snyder Halpern: J Nurs Adm, Volume 30(12).December 2000.583-591)