Question 18 (2.5 points)

What's the first stage of the development and diffusion of medical technology that's defined as original investigation for the advancement of scientific knowledge without specific commercial objectives?

Question 18 options:

Applied research

Clinical investigation and testing

Basic research

Diffusion and imitation

Question 19 (2.5 points)

Which of the following is a way to improve healthcare efficiency?

Question 19 options:

Providing patients with the costs of particular services

Avoiding articulated instructions for end-of-life treatment

Encouraging cost-sharing among patients

Devoting more marketing funds to various healthcare plans

Question 20 (2.5 points)

Which of the following initiatives proved inadequate in reducing the incidence and prevalence of chronic disease in most countries?

Question 20 options:

Education

Nutrition incentives

Free healthcare

Surveillance

Question 21 (2.5 points)

Which healthcare system features the least state involvement in the direct funding or provision of healthcare services?

Question 21 options:

Social insurance model

Consumer sovereignty model

National Health Service model

Government-subsidized model

Question 22 (2.5 points)

Why does universal coverage require efficient use of inputs?

Question 22 options:

It needs to account for the adjusted community rate.

It would be against the law to do otherwise.

It needs to drastically reduce the rate of morbidity.

It needs to assure that a core set of services is available to all in the society.

Question 23 (2.5 points)

What reason do critics cite as to why hospitals and integrated healthcare delivery systems don't reorganize to reduce errors?

Question 23 options:

Few financial incentives

Poor doctor-patient relationships

Satisfaction with the current structure

Too many barriers to entry

Question 24 (2.5 points)

Critiques of a healthcare system usually subject it to which two criteria?

Question 24 options:

Efficiency and equity

Vertical and horizontal integration

Fixed and variable costs

Risk-averse and risk-neutral

Question 25 (2.5 points)

What's the main reason for obesity becoming a growing pandemic across most countries?

Question 25 options:

Lack of access to universal healthcare

Affordable, readily available processed foods

Poor education and career opportunities

Exercise and fitness opportunities not available