Having insight into flood risk, both now and in the future is increasingly important as we are experiencing increased incidences of extreme weather conditions. Cape Town residents often experience extreme droughts and floods and the occurrence such events have shown signs of increasing frequencies as well as higher magnitudes. Research this topic and answer the following questions:
a) What is the reason for the occurrence of more extreme events and how does it result in extreme events?
b) Calculate the risk (expected loss) if there is a 1 % chance of flooding causing R500 million worth of damage in an urban residential area.
c) Suggest at least five measures engineers can introduce to mitigate and/or adapt to flooding (state whether each one of your suggestions is a mitigating or adaptation measure). Discuss each one.
d) Discuss at least five other measures that can be introduced to MITIGATE climate change.