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1.In a research article, you find that r is reported to be .48. How would you interpret this finding?

a.The relationship is strong

b.The relationship is moderate

c.The relationship is weak

d.The relationship is reported incorrectly

2.According to the theoretical normal curve, what percent of the scores in a data set are within 2 standard deviations (above and below) the mean?

a.50%

b.68%

c.95%

d.99%

3.If you are conducting a study to examine relationships or predict an event, your study is based on which of the following theories?

a.Decision theory

b.Probability theory

c.Causality

d.Power

4.When looking at an alpha (a) level of significance for determining differences between groups of .05, which of the following probability (p) levels has the most significant difference?

a..04

b..01

c..001

d.None of the above

5.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of analysis of variance (ANOVA)?

a.It tests for differences between means

b.It can only be used with two groups

c.TheF statistic is used to report results

d.It often requires post-hoc tests to identify locations of differences.

6.Which of the following parametric correlational procedures looks at the extent of a relationship between 2 variables?

a.Kendell tau

b.Pearson product-moment

c.Multiple regression

d.Spearman rho

7.A Type I error occurs when

a.The results are not statistically significant

b.The results indicate a statistically significant difference when in reality no significant difference exists

c.The wrong statistical procedures were used

d.The data were not measured at the interval level

8.Three or more groups are included in an analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the probability level (p) indicates that the null hypothesis should be rejected. Which of the following statements about this ANOVA is true?

a.Each of the means is significantly different from every other one

b.The research can new tell which groups are statistically different from other groups

c.Specific post-hoc analyses should be done to determine where there are group differences

d.It will be necessary to perform t-tests on each of the pairs of means to determine which pair is (are) different.

9.In nursing research, which of the following researcher factors is the most important in relation to statistical analysis of data?

a.The researcher should know all of the statistical formulas needed to analyze the data

b.The researcher should understand the meaning of the underlying choice and interpretation of statistics

c.The researcher should be able to perform the statistical analysis without assistance from a statistician

d.The researcher should not consult a statistician until after the data are collected

10.Many researchers become excited when they identify statistically significant relationships between variables and may interpret this to mean that the relationship is very important. When the percentage of variance explained is calculated, however, the picture is different. Which of the following statements about percentage of variance is (are) true?

a.It is calculated by squaring the r value

b.The obtained value will be lower than the r unless correlation is perfect

c.A correlation of .40 would explain 18% of the variance, leaving 84% unexplained

d.All of the above

11.A variance that occurs when individual scores vary around the group mean is referred to as:

a.Between group variance

b.Total group variance

c.Within group variance

d.Homogeneous variance

12.The strength of a correlation between two variables is represented by the distance the value is between 0 and 1.0 (+ or -). Which of the following correlations is the strongest?

a.50

b.75

c.90

d.-.9

13.The t-test is used to:

a.Examine the relationship between two variables

b.Examine the differences among three or more groups

c.Test the power of a statistical procedure

d.Test for a significant difference between the means of two samples

14.Which of the following is NOT a descriptive statistic?

a.Mean

b.Standard deviation

c.Frequency distribution

d.Correlation

15.Many decisions need to be made in selecting the appropriate statistical procedure for a study. Which of the following statements about selection of statistical procedures is true?

a.Specifying the purpose of the study and stating the hypothesis or research questions will narrow the options of statistical procedures considerably

b.The statistician makes all of the decisions about what analysis is appropriate

c.A wide variety of possible statistical analyses can be performed on a specified study

d.Decision trees are of little assistance to the new researcher in search of the appropriate analysis technique for a specific study

16.Which of the following statements about the use of descriptive statistics is true?

a.They are used in every research study, qualitative as well as quantitative

b.They are used to identify patterns in data

c.They are used to address objectives of some studies

d.All of the above

17.The most common purpose for a Pearson correlation is to examine:

a.The relationship between 2 variables

b.Relationships among groups

c.Differences between variables

d.Differences between two or more groups

18.You are reading a study with the following null hypothesis: There will be no difference in reported pain intensity levels among postoperative cardiovascular surgery patients between those how walk in cardiac rehabilitation centers and those who walk in their own homes. Which of the following statistical procedures would be appropriate for this study?

a.Regression Analysis

b.t-test

c.ANCOVA with place of exercise as the covariate

d.Chi square

19.A researcher reports that the effect of an intervention did not lead to statistically significant differences between the intervention and the control groups. Changes in scores were, however, in the direction anticipated with the theory. Which of the following study flaws is most likely?

a.The study was poorly done

b.The intervention should be abandoned

c.The sample may have been too small

d.The logic used in designing the study was faulty

20.The mean is a basic statistic that forms the base for many more advanced statistical procedures. Which of the following statements about the mean is true?

a.It is the mathematical average of a set of scores

b.It is a measure reflecting the way a set of scores is spread out

c.It is unaffected by outlier or extreme scores

d.It represents the most frequently occurring scores in the set of scores

21.The power of a statistical procedure is the:

a.Probability that a statistical test will detect a significant difference if one exists

b.Capacity of the computer to run complex statistical analyses

c.Probability that that a statistical test will detect a significant difference that does not exist

d.Degree to which the null hypothesis is false

22.What level of data is defined as named, labeled or representative of 2 or more exclusive categories?

a.Nominal

b.Ordinal

c.Interval

d.Ratio

23.What level of data is defined as named and ranked or as numbers carrying meaning with larger numbers equaling greater amounts of the attribute being measured?

a.Nominal

b.Ordinal

c.Interval

d.Ratio

24.What level of data is defined as named, ranked and equidistant from an arbitrary zero point?

a.Nominal

b.Ordinal

c.Interval

d.Ratio

25.What level of data is defined as named, ranked and equidistant from an absolute zero point?

a.Nominal

b.Ordinal

c.Interval

d.Ratio