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Mastery Problem: Evaluating Decentralized Operations

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BOR CPAs, Inc.

BOR CPAs, Inc. is a closely held corporation owned by three stockholders who used the initials of their last names to form the corporations name: Cyrus Bailey, John Ogden, and Samuel Rogers. The firms Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) perform audits of both public companies and privately owned companies. BORs CPAs also provide tax services to both individuals and businesses.

The corporation is divided into two profit centers: the Audit Division and the Tax Division. Each division is composed of two cost centers. The Audit Division is composed of two cost-center departments: Public Company Audits and Private Company Audits. The Tax Division is composed of two cost-center departments also: Individual Tax and Business Tax.

BOR, a decentralized organization, is interested in evaluating the performance of the two divisions. The stockholders are responsible for deciding on investment in the two divisions. Cyrus Bailey is in charge of the performance evaluation, and turns to you for assistance. Mr. Bailey is only interested in evaluating operations at the profit center (division) level, and not at the cost center (department) level.

Mr. Bailey is considering temporarily using some of the staff from the Tax Division to assist the Audit Division during the upcoming busy audit season, and would like to evaluate the effect of this on net income. The Tax Division is estimated to have 800 hours of excess capacity.

The unit for determining sales revenue in both divisions is the "engagement", which means the total agreed-upon work for a given client in either audit or tax for a given year. The company charges on average a fee of $75,000 per audit engagement, and $15,750 per tax engagement.

The company has its own Payroll Office, which provides payroll services to both divisions and will allocate its total expenses to the two divisions as support department allocations.

The following chart shows some basic data for the company:

Hourly market rate for staff (the price the company would have to pay from an outside contractor for staff services)	$100
Average hourly cost rate for staff (the average price the company pays to its staff)	$60
Number of paychecks issued by Audit Division	110
Number of paychecks issued by Tax Division	340
Total expense for Payroll Office	$29,250
Amount of assets invested in Audit Division by BOR CPAs, Inc.	$10,000,000
Amount of assets invested in Tax Division by BOR CPAs, Inc.	$4,000,000

Payroll

Mr. Bailey would like you to start by analyzing the Payroll Office expenses, and allocating the total expenses to each division. He has decided to use the number of payroll checks as the activity base for the allocation.

Fill in the following blanks, allocating the total expense for the Payroll Office to each of the two divisions.

Payroll Charge Rate $fill in the blank 49282a0e6009fd5_1 per payroll check

Division	Support Department Allocations
Audit Division	$fill in the blank 49282a0e6009fd5_2
Tax Division	$fill in the blank 49282a0e6009fd5_3

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No Transfer

Mr. Bailey has prepared the following divisional income statement for you to review, assuming no transfer of excess capacity hours occurs. He has also included the total amounts for BOR CPAs, Inc. in the rightmost column.

Complete the following Divisional Income Statements with your data from the Payroll.

BOR CPAs, Inc. Divisional Income Statements For the Year Ended December 31, 20Y8
	Audit Division	Tax Division	Total Company
Fees earned:
Audit fees (12 engagements)	$900,000		$900,000
Tax fees (45 engagements)		$708,750	708,750
Transfer-pricing fees			0
Expenses:
Variable:
Audit hours provided by Audit Division	(216,000)		(216,000)
Tax hours provided by Tax Division		(283,500)	(283,500)
Excess capacity hours paid to salaried staff		(48,000)	(48,000)
Audit hours provided by Tax Division		0	0
Fixed expenses	(50,000)	(65,500)	(115,500)
Operating income before support department allocations	$634,000	$311,750	$945,750
Support department allocations for payroll	fill in the blank 8bc62bfe4fcff8f_1	fill in the blank 8bc62bfe4fcff8f_2	fill in the blank 8bc62bfe4fcff8f_3
Operating income	$fill in the blank 8bc62bfe4fcff8f_4	$fill in the blank 8bc62bfe4fcff8f_5	$fill in the blank 8bc62bfe4fcff8f_6

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Market Transfer Price

Mr. Bailey asks that you prepare Divisional Income Statements showing what 20Y8 results would have been had the Audit Division purchased all the excess capacity of the Tax Division, using a market transfer price. The divisional managers tell you that, with the excess capacity of the Tax Division of 800 hours, the Audit Division can perform 4 more audits during the year, and the Tax Division would charge the Audit Division the market rate of $100 per hour for the additional hours required, selling all its excess capacity to the Audit Division. The Tax Division would still be responsible for paying the salaries of their employees.

Complete the following Divisional Income Statements. If there is no amount or an amount is zero, enter 0.

BOR CPAs, Inc. Divisional Income Statements For the Year Ended December 31, 20Y8
	Audit Division	Tax Division	Total Company
Fees earned:
Audit fees (16 engagements)	$1,200,000		$1,200,000
Tax fees (45 engagements)		$708,750	708,750
Transfer-pricing fees		fill in the blank 145a6af6f046fb8_1	fill in the blank 145a6af6f046fb8_2
Expenses:
Variable:
Audit hours provided by Audit Division	(216,000)		(216,000)
Tax hours provided by Tax Division		(283,500)	(283,500)
Excess capacity hours paid to salaried staff		fill in the blank 145a6af6f046fb8_3	fill in the blank 145a6af6f046fb8_4
Audit hours provided by Tax Division	fill in the blank 145a6af6f046fb8_5	fill in the blank 145a6af6f046fb8_6	fill in the blank 145a6af6f046fb8_7
Fixed expenses	(50,000)	(65,500)	(115,500)
Operating income before support department allocations	$fill in the blank 145a6af6f046fb8_8	$fill in the blank 145a6af6f046fb8_9	$fill in the blank 145a6af6f046fb8_10
Support department allocations for payroll	fill in the blank 145a6af6f046fb8_11	fill in the blank 145a6af6f046fb8_12	fill in the blank 145a6af6f046fb8_13
Operating income	$fill in the blank 145a6af6f046fb8_14	$fill in the blank 145a6af6f046fb8_15	$fill in the blank 145a6af6f046fb8_16

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Negotiated Transfer Price

Mr. Bailey asks that you prepare Divisional Income Statements showing what 20Y8 results would have been had the Audit Division purchased all the excess capacity of the Tax Division, using a negotiated transfer price. The divisional managers tell you that, with the excess capacity of the Tax Division of 800 hours, the Audit Division can perform 4 more audits during the year, and the Audit Division would agree to a negotiated rate of $90 per hour to be paid to the Tax Division for the additional hours required, with the Tax Division selling all its excess capacity to the Audit Division. The Tax Division would still be responsible for paying the salaries of their employees.

Complete the following Divisional Income Statements. If there is no amount or an amount is zero, enter 0.

BOR CPAs, Inc. Divisional Income Statements For the Year Ended December 31, 20Y8
	Audit Division	Tax Division	Total Company
Fees earned:
Audit fees (16 engagements)	$1,200,000		$1,200,000
Tax fees (45 engagements)		$708,750	708,750
Transfer-pricing fees		fill in the blank ef8b2bf60fb403d_1	fill in the blank ef8b2bf60fb403d_2
Expenses:
Variable:
Audit hours provided by Audit Division	(216,000)		(216,000)
Tax hours provided by Tax Division		(283,500)	(283,500)
Excess capacity hours paid to salaried staff		fill in the blank ef8b2bf60fb403d_3	fill in the blank ef8b2bf60fb403d_4
Audit hours provided by Tax Division	fill in the blank ef8b2bf60fb403d_5	fill in the blank ef8b2bf60fb403d_6	fill in the blank ef8b2bf60fb403d_7
Fixed expenses	(50,000)	(65,500)	(115,500)
Operating income before support department allocations	$fill in the blank ef8b2bf60fb403d_8	$fill in the blank ef8b2bf60fb403d_9	$fill in the blank ef8b2bf60fb403d_10
Support department allocations for payroll	fill in the blank ef8b2bf60fb403d_11	fill in the blank ef8b2bf60fb403d_12	fill in the blank ef8b2bf60fb403d_13
Operating income	$fill in the blank ef8b2bf60fb403d_14	$fill in the blank ef8b2bf60fb403d_15	$fill in the blank ef8b2bf60fb403d_16

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Cost Transfer Price

Mr. Bailey asks that you prepare Divisional Income Statements showing what 20Y8 results would have been had the Audit Division purchased all the excess capacity of the Tax Division, using a cost transfer price. The divisional managers tell you that, with the excess capacity of the Tax Division of 800 hours, the Audit Division can perform 4 more audits during the year, and the Audit Division would pay the Tax Division's internal hourly rate of $60 per hour for the additional hours required, with the Tax Division selling all its excess capacity to the Audit Division. The Tax Division would still be responsible for paying the salaries of their employees.

Complete the following Divisional Income Statements. If there is no amount or an amount is zero, enter 0.

BOR CPAs, Inc. Divisional Income Statements For the Year Ended December 31, 20Y8
	Audit Division	Tax Division	Total Company
Fees earned:
Audit fees (16 engagements)	$1,200,000		$1,200,000
Tax fees (45 engagements)		$708,750	708,750
Transfer-pricing fees		fill in the blank 35461c07bf93ffa_1	fill in the blank 35461c07bf93ffa_2
Expenses:
Variable:
Audit hours provided by Audit Division	(216,000)		(216,000)
Tax hours provided by Tax Division		(283,500)	(283,500)
Excess capacity hours paid to salaried staff		fill in the blank 35461c07bf93ffa_3	fill in the blank 35461c07bf93ffa_4
Audit hours provided by Tax Division	fill in the blank 35461c07bf93ffa_5	fill in the blank 35461c07bf93ffa_6	fill in the blank 35461c07bf93ffa_7
Fixed expenses	(50,000)	(65,500)	(115,500)
Operating income before support department allocations	$fill in the blank 35461c07bf93ffa_8	$fill in the blank 35461c07bf93ffa_9	$fill in the blank 35461c07bf93ffa_10
Support department allocations for payroll	fill in the blank 35461c07bf93ffa_11	fill in the blank 35461c07bf93ffa_12	fill in the blank 35461c07bf93ffa_13
Operating income	$fill in the blank 35461c07bf93ffa_14	$fill in the blank 35461c07bf93ffa_15	$fill in the blank 35461c07bf93ffa_16