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Read about Morris's Algorithm of Countingj' before attempting Counting the Number of tokens in a stream (Not Distinct) It is trivial to see that if

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Read about \"Morris's Algorithm of Countingj' before attempting Counting the Number of tokens in a stream (Not Distinct) It is trivial to see that if there are m tokens in the stream, then [logzm] many bits suffice to keep track of the number of tokens. Now consider the following randomized algorithm. Probabilistic Counting: LetX 0. For this part, we consider an alternate (and somewhat more elegant) way of modifying the basic estimator1 to achieve better estimates. Suppose you modify the 1 (1+a)x ' given algorithm as follows - you increment X with probability for some a > 0 (a = 1 in the above algorithm). What should the algorithm return now? Determine the value of a that you need to choose in order to find an estimate Y such that IY ml 5 em with probability at least 9/10? [1] Basic estimator {For Distinct Counting): Let Y ( 1 h : {1, 2, .., n} > [0,1] (h is an idealized hash func) While (stream is non-empty) Let i be the next elementjtoken Y i

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