Scholarly peer-reviewed journal articles almost always include an abstract. A well-written abstract will include information about many of the steps in the systematic research process.

Read the following abstract and answer questions 12, 13, and 14.

Abstract

Students continue to face an increase in mental health concerns related to their role of being college students, including increased academic expectations; organizational and time management demands; and, often, a transition to an independent living situation. Mental health symptoms, such as stress and anxiety, have negatively affected students' academic performance more than any other factors in college students' lives, and nontraditional inexpensive interventions that can reach a large number of students, such as animal assisted intervention, continue to be explored. Thus, the researchers in this study investigated the effects of canine assisted education (CAE) on students' stress and anxiety, distractibility, and participation in the natural environment of a college classroom. A quantitative experimental, one-group pre-test/post-test design was implemented in which participants completed a pre-test survey, experienced 5 weeks of CAE, and then completed a post-test survey. Recurring CAE, over a 5-week period, in college students' natural environment, a college classroom, has a positive impact on students' anxiety and stress. Findings add to the body of literature attesting to the efficacy of CAE in supporting student well-being and optimizing learning conditions for students.

(The article in its entirety can be found here: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/ojot/vol10/iss1/11/)

12. In a brief written response (one-two sentences), summarize in own words, what is the research problem?

13. After reading this abstract, in a brief written response (one sentence phrased as a question), what is the research question that the researchers are trying to answer?

14. After reading this abstract, in a brief written response (one-two sentence), what is the research approach and research paradigm of these researchers?