SECTION 3 1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a process costing system? a. Several Work in Process Inventory accounts are used b. Product costs are grouped by processes, departments, or work cells c. More suitable when customized products are manufactured d. A specific time period is used 2. Which of the following cost flow assumptions most closely follows the logical product flow in a process costing environment? a. LIFO b. FIFO c. Average d. HIFO 3. In a process costing system, some of the increases to Department C's Work in Process Inventory account would come from Department B's a. Finished Goods Inventory account. b. Work in Process Inventory account. c. Materials Inventory account. d. Cost of Goods Sold account. 4. During April, Department A started 400,000 units of product in a particular production process. The beginning work in process inventory was 40,000 units, and the ending inventory was 50,000 units. Direct materials are introduced at the start of processing, and beginning and ending inventories are considered to be 40 percent complete with respect to conversion costs. Department A uses the FIFO costing method. The number of units started and completed in Department A during April was a. 350,000. b. 360,000. c. 450,000. d. 160,000. 5. During April, Department A started 400,000 units of product in a particular production process. The beginning work in process inventory was 40,000 units, and the ending inventory was 50,000 units. Direct materials are introduced at the start of processing, and beginning and ending inventories are considered to be 40 percent complete with respect to conversion costs. Department A uses the FIFO costing method. Units transferred out from Department A during April were a. 410,000. b. 390,000. c. 400,000. d. 490,000. 6. Equivalent units of production usually are determined for a. direct materials costs only. b. direct materials and conversion costs. c. direct and indirect materials only. d. conversion costs only. 7. A measure of productive output of units for a period of time, expressed in terms of completed whole units, is the definition of a. ending work in process inventory. b. equivalent units c. conversion costs. d. units started and completed. 8. Direct materials costs and conversion costs for the current period on a FIFO process cost report are divided by their respective units of equivalent production to arrive at the a. transferred-in cost per unit. b. beginning inventory cost per unit. c. units to be started. d. cost per equivalent unit. 9. In a process costing system, unit cost is computed a. for each job worked on. b. on the basis of productive output for a period of time. c. for direct materials costs only. d. only for the last production process. 10. Lopez Company uses the FIFO process costing method to determine the product unit cost. The company began the period with 1,800 units in beginning inventory. During the period, 32,000 units were started and completed. There were 4,000 units in ending inventory at the end of the period. If all direct materials are added at the beginning of the process, the number of equivalent units for direct materials for the period is a. 28,000. b. 36,000. c. 29,800. d. 32,000. 11. The following unit data were assembled for the heating process of Morgan Processing Inc. for the month of August. Direct materials are added at the beginning of the process. Conversion costs are added uniformly over the production process. The company uses the FIFO process costing method. Units Beginning work in process inventory (30 percent complete) 5,000 Units started in August 44,000 Ending work in process (60 percent complete) 4,500 The number of equivalent units produced by Morgan Processing with respect to conversion costs is a. 43,700. b. 48,200. c. 50,200. d. 45,700. 12. The following unit data were assembled for the heating process of Morgan Processing Inc. for the month of August. Direct materials are added at the beginning of the process. Conversion costs are added uniformly over the production process. The company uses the FIFO process costing method. Units Beginning work in process inventory (30 percent complete) 5,000 Units started in August 44,000 Ending work in process (60 percent complete) 4,500 The number of equivalent units produced by Morgan Processing with respect to direct materials costs is a. 49,000. b. 44,000. c. 48,500. d. 39,500. 13. Use the following data provided by Star Inc. to answer the questions below. The company uses a process costing system. Beginning Work in Process Inventory on June 1: 1,000 units100 percent complete as to direct materials 80 percent complete as to conversion costs Units Started During June: 6,400 units Ending Work in Process Inventory on June 30: 1,200 units100 percent complete as to direct materials 40 percent complete as to conversion costs The FIFO costing method is used by the company. Units completed and transferred out of the department of Star Inc. during the month totaled a. 6,600. b. 6,400. c. 5,200. d. 6,200. 14. Use the following data provided by Star Inc. to answer the questions below. The company uses a process costing system. Beginning Work in Process Inventory on June 1: 1,000 units100 percent complete as to direct materials 80 percent complete as to conversion costs Units Started During June: 6,400 units Ending Work in Process Inventory on June 30: 1,200 units100 percent complete as to direct materials 40 percent complete as to conversion costs The FIFO costing method is used by the company. Equivalent units for conversion costs of Star Inc. during the month totaled a. 7,680. b. 5,880. c. 6,880. d. 7,920. 15. The Taylor Company uses a process costing system. Assume that direct materials are added at the beginning of the period and that direct labor and overhead are added continuously throughout the process. The company uses the FIFO costing method. The following data are available for one of its accounting periods Units Beginning work in process 26,000 (70 percent complete for conversion costs) Units started 180,000 Units transferred out 191,000 Ending work in process 15,000 (60 percent complete for conversion costs) Assume that you have calculated a direct materials cost per unit of $4 and a conversion cost per unit of $7. Under this assumption, the ending balance for Work in Process Inventory of Taylor Company would be a. $82,000. b. $165,000. c. $123,000. d. $99,000. 16. The Taylor Company uses a process costing system. Assume that direct materials are added at the beginning of the period and that direct labor and overhead are added continuously throughout the process. The company uses the FIFO costing method. The following data are available for one of its accounting periods Units Beginning work in process 26,000 (70 percent complete for conversion costs) Units started 180,000 Units transferred out 191,000 Ending work in process 15,000 (60 percent complete for conversion costs) Equivalent units for conversion costs of Taylor Company are a. 181,800. b. 200,000. c. 207,800. d. 192,200. 17. During October, Department A of Answer Inc. started 320,000 units of product in a particular manufacturing process. The beginning work in process inventory was 50,000 units, and the ending inventory was 30,000 units. Direct materials are introduced at the start of processing, and beginning and ending inventories are considered to be 50 percent complete with respect to conversion costs. Department A uses the FIFO costing method. Units transferred out of Department A of Answer during October were a. 325,000. b. 335,000. c. 370,000. d. 340,000. 18. Nader Inc. has the following information available: Costs from Beginning Inventory Costs from Current Period Direct materials $2,300 $ 21,252 Conversion costs 6,200 150,536 At the beginning of the period, there were 500 units in process that were 40 percent complete as to conversion costs and 100 percent complete as to direct materials costs. During the current period, 4,300 units were started and completed. Ending inventory contained 320 units that were 80 percent complete as to conversion costs and 100 percent complete as to direct materials costs. (Assume that the company uses the FIFO costing method.) The equivalent units of production for direct materials and conversion costs, respectively, of Nader Inc. were a. 4,120 for direct materials and 4,056 for conversion costs. b. 4,620 for direct materials and 4,856 for conversion costs. c. 4,480 for direct materials and 4,544 for conversion costs. d. 5,120 for direct materials and 5,056 for conversion costs. 19. Natasha Corporation's Shaping Department had no beginning inventory and completed and transferred to finished goods 920 units during May. Ending inventory for May contained 80 units that were 30 percent complete as to conversion costs and 100 percent complete as to direct materials costs. The charges to the Shaping Department during May were $3,776 for conversion costs and $2,500 for direct materials costs. Compute the cost of work transferred out if Natasha Corporation uses the FIFO costing method. a. $6,180 b. $5,774 c. $6,118 d. $5,980 20. The Bakersfield Company has the following information available: Costs Beginning Inventory Current Period Direct materials $3,650 $ 31,620 Conversion costs 9,120 143,100 At the beginning of the period, there were 800 units in process that were 60 percent complete as to conversion costs and 100 percent complete as to direct materials costs. During the current period, 5,800 units were started and completed. Ending inventory contained 400 units that were 60 percent complete as to conversion costs and 100 percent complete as to direct materials costs. (Assume that the company uses the FIFO process costing method.) The cost of completing a unit of Bakersfield during the current period was a. $28.18. b. $30.12. c. $27.60. d. $24.96. 21. Information for the current month for the Polishing Department is shown below. Direct Materials Conversion Costs Beginning work in process inventory $ 8,100 $10,525 Current month's costs $31,240 $56,240 Equivalent units based on the FIFO costing method 71,000 74,000 Units completed69,000 Units in ending work in process inventory6,000 Direct materials are added at the beginning of the process. Beginning work in process is 30 percent complete as to conversion costs; ending work in process inventory is 80 percent complete. Determine the cost of ending work in process inventory. a. $6,288 b. $5,760 c. $7,200 d. $3,552 22. Weston Company uses the FIFO method in its process costing system. The first processing department, the Welding Department, started the month with 18,000 units in its beginning work in process inventory that were 50 percent complete with respect to conversion costs. The conversion costs in the beginning work in process inventory were $52,200. An additional 55,000 units were started into production during the month. There were 16,000 units in the ending work in process inventory of the Welding Department that were 20 percent complete with respect to conversion costs. A total of $284,160 in conversion costs were incurred in the department during the month. What would be the cost per equivalent unit for conversion costs for the month on the department's process cost report? (Round to three decimal places.) a. $5.800 b. $5.167 c. $5.550 d. $4.608 23. The Finishing Department of White Light Company has the following information available for 2014: Units Complete Beginning work in process inventory 6,000 40 percent Ending work in process inventory 3,500 80 percent Units completed during 2014 45,000 100 percent Assuming that the Company uses the FIFO process costing method, what are the equivalent units for conversion costs for 2014? a. 51,400 b. 45,000 c. 48,200 d. 45,400 24. Which of the following costing methods combines the cost of units in beginning inventory with the current period costs to determine the unit production cost? a. Average cost b. FIFO c. Direct d. LIFO 25. Cloud Nine International uses a process costing system. Assume that direct materials are added at the beginning of the period and that direct labor and overhead are added continuously throughout the process. The company uses the average costing method. The following data are available for one of its accounting periods: Units Beginning work in process 26,000 (70 percent complete for conversion costs) Units started 180,000 Units transferred out 191,000 Ending work in process 15,000 (60 percent complete for conversion costs) Assume that you have calculated a direct materials cost per unit of $5 and a conversion cost per unit of $8. Under this assumption, the ending balance for Work in Process Inventory of Cloud Nine International would be a. $195,000. b. $123,000. c. $165,000. d. $147,000. SECTION 6 1. All operating budgets should contain revenue and expense components. a. True b. False 2. Evaluating the value chain and capacity issues are not part of the budgeting process. a. True b. False 3. A budget can contain only financial information. a. True b. False 4. Budgets are plans of action based on forecasted transactions, activities, and events. a. True b. False 5. Budgets assign resources and the responsibility to use them wisely to managers who are held accountable for their results. a. True b. False 6. Operating budgets are plans used in daily operations. a. True b. False 7. A master budget consists of a set of operating budgets and a set of financial budgets for a specific accounting period. a. True b. False 8. Operating budgets are limited to service organizations. a. True b. False 9. Managers do not need to know why a budget is being prepared, as these are prepared by higher authorities. a. True b. False 10. The budgeting function begins with the preparation of a production budget. a. True b. False 11. The direct labor budget is needed to prepare the production budget. a. True b. False 12. The selling and administrative expense budget is typically separated into variable and fixed cost components. a. True b. False 13. The cost of goods manufactured budget is an operating budget. a. True b. False 14. A sales forecast for a retail organization is based on purchases and cost of goods sold budgets. a. True b. False 15. It is necessary to know the budgeted number of unit sales to prepare production budget. a. True b. False 16. Each period's ending cash balance becomes the beginning cash balance for the next period. a. True b. False 17. Receipt of stock dividends, depreciation, and amortization expense will not be recorded in the cash budget prepared by an organization. a. True b. False 18. Once cash receipts and cash payments have been established, the cash increase or decrease is added to the period's beginning balance to arrive at a projected cash balance at period end. a. True b. False 19. A continuous budget is a 12-month forward-rolling budget that summarizes budgets for the next 12 months. a. True b. False 20. Zero-based budgeting requires the preparation of budget from scratch. a. True b. False 21. The budget committee oversees each stage in the preparation of a master budget. a. True b. False 22. Only the lowest levels of management can be evaluated using budgets. a. True b. False 23. Budgets identify potential constraints before they become problems. a. True b. False 24. Responsibility accounting authorizes managers to take control of and be held accountable for the revenues and expenses in their budgets. a. True b. False 25. Static budgets are prepared on quarterly basis and require frequent change during the annual budget period. a. True b. False SECTION 7 1. A performance management and evaluation system is mainly utilized to account for and report on financial performance. a. True b. False 2. While measuring performance, managers must be able to distinguish between what is being measured and the actual measures used to monitor performance and compare results. a. True b. False 3. Performance measurement is the use of quantitative tools to gauge an organization's performance in relation to a specific goal or an expected outcome. a. True b. False 4. All organizations use same performance measures in their day-to-day business operations. a. True b. False 5. Managers at all levels are evaluated in terms of their ability to manage their areas of responsibility in keeping with organizational goals. a. True b. False 6. Responsibility accounting is of least help to manufacturing companies. a. True b. False 7. A responsibility center whose manager is held accountable for both revenues and costs and for the resulting operating income is called a revenue center. a. True b. False 8. An organization chart assists in management control. a. True b. False 9. A report for a responsibility center includes costs and revenues that are not controlled by a manager. a. True b. False 10. Performance reports allow comparisons between actual performance and budget expectations. a. True b. False 11. If a performance report contains items that are in a manager's control, the entire responsibility accounting system can be called into question. a. True b. False 12. Flexible budgeting is utilized to evaluate a cost centers performance. a. True b. False 13. A flexible budget is derived by dividing actual unit costs by the standard unit costs. a. True b. False 14. One of the drawback of the return on investment performance measure is that it considers both operating and nonoperating income. a. True b. False 15. When calculating ROI, assets invested represent the average of the beginning and ending asset balances for a given period. a. True b. False 16. For residual income figures to be comparable on a companywide basis, all investment centers must have equal access to resources and similar asset investment bases. a. True b. False 17. The economic value added performance measure focuses on long-term financial performance. a. True b. False 18. Variable costing is a method of reporting that deals only with a manager's controllable costs, variable costs. a. True b. False 19. A variable costing income statement is also called a traditional income statement. a. True b. False 20. The balanced scorecard links the perspectives of an organization's stakeholders with the organization's mission and vision, performance measures, strategic plan, and resources. a. True b. False 21. An organization's four basic stakeholder groups include investors, employees, internal business processes, and customers. a. True b. False 22. The alignment of an organization's strategy with all the perspectives of the balanced scorecard results in performance objectives that benefit all stakeholders. a. True b. False 23. It is necessary for managers to fully understand the causal relationship between their actions and the organization's overall performance to get results. a. True b. False 24. Cash bonuses are usually given to encourage short-term performance. a. True b. False 25. How effective a performance management and evaluation system is depends on how well the goals of individual responsibility centers, the entire company, and managers are coordinated. a. True b. False