SECTION A [60 MARKS]

Read the case study below and answer the questions that follow. Preparing to Succeed - University of Edinburgh Objective: To bring together all data across the university into a single-source truth. Helping to enhance scenario analysis and build reliable roadmaps, keeping stakeholders informed of time critical decisions. About Company: Considered one of the leading universities worldwide, The University of Edinburgh has a rich history and noted alumni including Olympic champions, novelists, and prime ministers. Founded in 1582, The University of Edinburgh is the sixth oldest university in the United Kingdom. Effective change management can help organizations make smart decisions at time critical moments. When two key systems are changing at pace, and at the same time, data management, scenario analysis and communication tactics come to the fore. Wilbert Kraan and the Enterprise Architecture team at the University of Edinburgh needed to tackle both the future and current state head on, in order to position their enterprise well for future funding and increase productivity. Grading Challenge The Research Excellence Framework (REF) is one of the most important national statutory exercises that all universities need to complete and comply with. The way in which research and its impact are graded in the REF is also changing. The enterprise architecture team at Edinburgh needed to balance the already complex task of completing the current REF return whilst managing significant future changes to both the REF framework and our own IT estate. Kraan explained. The importance of completing the exercise on time is paramount. The REF ranks the activity and quality of all research conducted across the university and informs funding allocation. We knew in order to complete the project successfully we would need to plan ahead and be prepared for what may arise and when. Kraan and his team regularly manage the coordination of projects and standards, IT strategies and the impact of change. They knew that strong data and process management provides the foundation for successful outcomes. We started by mapping all of the processes that were involved with all of the key stakeholders, applications and datasets. Once we had this information in place, we could then create a series of to-be architectures to inform us of the possible changes taking place and highlight what we needed to focus on, and when. Kraan continued. Working Collaboratively It was a constant cycle back and forth between us and the Business Analyst to try and model what was in the minds of those running the Research Education Framework project internally. However, once confirmed that we were on the right track, we were then able to track and input all changes to both our IT estate and the national REF and create a time line of future critical time points. We used these to communicate to stakeholders and highlight areas which required a choice and which required action. Without this type of forward planning, we may not have had the actions in place on time or possibly at all. Thanks to capabilities in ABACUS we were able to stay on track with our statutory obligations and help our stakeholders with time critical decisions. Managing Change Across the University Alongside managing the Research Excellence Framework project, Kraan and the EA team also configured their own framework to further track internal changes and consolidate data without the need to re-invent the wheel. Using ABACUS graph database technology, we were able to easily define our own meta-model and tailor this specially to meet the needs of the university. Focusing our meta-model on Entity Relationship Diagrams, we are now able to document, communicate and bring together common definitions, data structures, and vocabulary from multiple systems and store them all in our Enterprise Data Warehouse a location others within the university can also utilize. Kraan continues, With a logical data model in place for the majority of our data, we can link through from definitions and structures directly to the database and use the catalogs in ABACUS to track and manage changes as they happen.

Based on the case study above, answer ALL FOUR (4) questions in this section.

QUESTION 1 (10 Marks) Outline the importance of enterprise wide architecture within an organisation.

QUESTION 2 (20 Marks) Explain FOUR (4) enterprise wide architecture styles within an organisation.

QUESTION 3 (15 Marks) Explain FIVE (5) reasons why employees resist change.

QUESTION 4 (15 Marks) Discuss phases and stages in which change could be managed. (Include goals for each phase and a description for each stage)

SECTION B [40 MARKS] Answer ALL the questions in this section.

QUESTION 5 Describe the positive impacts of information and communications technology (ICT) within the following sectors:

5.1 Education (10 Marks)

5.2 Health (10 Marks)

5.3 Government (10 Marks)

5.4 Travel (10 Marks)