Question
Serum Carotenoids and Risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Southwestern American Indian Women (Melissa A.Schiff,Ruth E.Patterson,Richard N.Baumgartner,MaryMasuk,Lindavan Asselt-King,Cosette M.WheelerandThomas M.Becker, Published November 2001, Cancer Epidemiology,
- Serum Carotenoids and Risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Southwestern American Indian Women (Melissa A.Schiff,Ruth E.Patterson,Richard N.Baumgartner,MaryMasuk,Lindavan Asselt-King,Cosette M.WheelerandThomas M.Becker, Published November 2001, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention)
Abstract: The objective of this research was to evaluate the association between serum carotenoids and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among Southwestern American Indian women. Cases were American Indian women with biopsy-proven CIN II/III cervical lesions (n= 81) diagnosed between November 1994 and October 1997. Controls were American Indian women from the same clinics with normal cervical epithelium (n= 160). All of the subjects underwent interviews and laboratory evaluations. Interviews evaluated demographic information, sexual history, and cigarette smoking. Serum concentrations of -carotene, -carotene, -cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein/zeaxanthin were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Cervical human papillomavirus infection was detected using a PCR-based test. Increasing levels of -carotene, -cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin were associated with decreasing risk of CIN II/III. In addition, the highest tertiles of -cryptoxanthin (odds ratio = 0.39, 95% confidence interval = 0.17-0.91) and lutein/zeaxanthin (odds ratio = 0.40, 95% confidence interval = 0.17-0.95) were associated with the lowest risk of CIN. In conclusion, specially targeted intervention efforts to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables may protect Southwestern American Indian women from developing CIN.
- Estimate the selection criteria for cases
- Explain the results of the study using odds ratios
- Determine the exposure and outcome
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