Specifically need 4, 5, and 6 explained. Thank you!

MINICASE Stock Valuation at Ragan, Inc. Ragan, Inc., was founded nine years ago by brother and sis- ter Carrington and Genevieve Ragan. The company manufac they have gathered the information about their main competi- tors in the table below. tures and installs commercial heating, ventilation, and cooling (HVAC) units. Ragan, Inc., has experienced rapid growth Expert HVAC Corporation's negative earnings per share were the result of an accounting write-off last year. Without because of a proprietary technology that increases the energy the write-off, earnings per share for the company would have efficiency of its units. The company is equally owned by Car been $1.10. The ROE for Expert HVAC is based on net income rington and Genevieve. The original partnership agreement excluding the write-off. between the siblings gave each 50,000 shares of stock. In the Last year, Ragan, Inc., had an EPS of $3.15 and paid a div- event either wished to sell stock, the shares first had to be of idend to Carrington and Genevieve of $45,000 each. The com- fered to the other at a discounted price. pany also had a return on equity of 17 percent. The siblings Although neither sibling wants to sell, they have decided believe that 14 percent is an appropriate required return for they should value their holdings in the company. To get started the company. Ragan, Inc., Competitors EPS DPS Stock Price ROE R $.16 $1.30 $25.34 8.50% 10.00% Arctic Cooling, Inc. 23 29.85 1.95 13.00 10.50 National Heating & Cooling .14 22.13 9.78 12.00 -37 Expert HVAC Corp. $25.77 $.18 9.59% 11.67% $.96 Industry Average QUESTIONS 1. Assuming the company continues its current growth rate, what is the value per share of the company's stock? 2. To verify their calculations, Carrington and Genevieve have hired Josh Schlessman as a consultant. Josh was pre- viously an equity analyst and covered the HVAC industry. Josh has examined the company's financial statements, as well as examining its competitors' financials. Although Ragan, Inc., currently has a technological advantage, his research indicates that other companies are investigating methods to improve efficiency. Given this, Josh believes that the company's technological advantage will last only for the next five years. After that period, the company's growth will likely slow to the industry growth average. Additionally, Josh believes that the required return used by the company is too high. He believes the industry average required return is more appropriate. Under this growth rate assumption, what is your estimate of the stock price? 3. What is the industry average price-earnings ratio? What is the price-earnings ratio for Ragan, Inc.? Is this the relationship you would expect between the two ratios? Why? 4. Carrington and Genevieve are unsure how to interpret the price-earnings ratio. After some head scratching, they've come up with the following expression for the price- earnings ratio: Po 1-6 ER-(ROE xb) Beginning with the constant dividend growth model, ver- ify this result. What does this expression imply about the relationship between the dividend payout ratio, the required return on the stock, and the company's ROE? 5. Assume the company's growth rate slows to the industry average in five years. What future return on equity does this imply, assuming a constant payout ratio? 6. After discussing the stock value with Josh, Carrington and Genevieve agree that they would like to increase the value of the company stock. Like many small business owners. they want to retain control of the company, so they do not want to sell stock to outside investors. They also feel that the company's debt is at a manageable level and do not want to borrow more money. How can they increase the price of the stock? Are there any conditions under which this strategy would not increase the stock price? MINICASE Stock Valuation at Ragan, Inc. Ragan, Inc., was founded nine years ago by brother and sis- ter Carrington and Genevieve Ragan. The company manufac they have gathered the information about their main competi- tors in the table below. tures and installs commercial heating, ventilation, and cooling (HVAC) units. Ragan, Inc., has experienced rapid growth Expert HVAC Corporation's negative earnings per share were the result of an accounting write-off last year. Without because of a proprietary technology that increases the energy the write-off, earnings per share for the company would have efficiency of its units. The company is equally owned by Car been $1.10. The ROE for Expert HVAC is based on net income rington and Genevieve. The original partnership agreement excluding the write-off. between the siblings gave each 50,000 shares of stock. In the Last year, Ragan, Inc., had an EPS of $3.15 and paid a div- event either wished to sell stock, the shares first had to be of idend to Carrington and Genevieve of $45,000 each. The com- fered to the other at a discounted price. pany also had a return on equity of 17 percent. The siblings Although neither sibling wants to sell, they have decided believe that 14 percent is an appropriate required return for they should value their holdings in the company. To get started the company. Ragan, Inc., Competitors EPS DPS Stock Price ROE R $.16 $1.30 $25.34 8.50% 10.00% Arctic Cooling, Inc. 23 29.85 1.95 13.00 10.50 National Heating & Cooling .14 22.13 9.78 12.00 -37 Expert HVAC Corp. $25.77 $.18 9.59% 11.67% $.96 Industry Average QUESTIONS 1. Assuming the company continues its current growth rate, what is the value per share of the company's stock? 2. To verify their calculations, Carrington and Genevieve have hired Josh Schlessman as a consultant. Josh was pre- viously an equity analyst and covered the HVAC industry. Josh has examined the company's financial statements, as well as examining its competitors' financials. Although Ragan, Inc., currently has a technological advantage, his research indicates that other companies are investigating methods to improve efficiency. Given this, Josh believes that the company's technological advantage will last only for the next five years. After that period, the company's growth will likely slow to the industry growth average. Additionally, Josh believes that the required return used by the company is too high. He believes the industry average required return is more appropriate. Under this growth rate assumption, what is your estimate of the stock price? 3. What is the industry average price-earnings ratio? What is the price-earnings ratio for Ragan, Inc.? Is this the relationship you would expect between the two ratios? Why? 4. Carrington and Genevieve are unsure how to interpret the price-earnings ratio. After some head scratching, they've come up with the following expression for the price- earnings ratio: Po 1-6 ER-(ROE xb) Beginning with the constant dividend growth model, ver- ify this result. What does this expression imply about the relationship between the dividend payout ratio, the required return on the stock, and the company's ROE? 5. Assume the company's growth rate slows to the industry average in five years. What future return on equity does this imply, assuming a constant payout ratio? 6. After discussing the stock value with Josh, Carrington and Genevieve agree that they would like to increase the value of the company stock. Like many small business owners. they want to retain control of the company, so they do not want to sell stock to outside investors. They also feel that the company's debt is at a manageable level and do not want to borrow more money. How can they increase the price of the stock? Are there any conditions under which this strategy would not increase the stock price