Steven managed an auto parts store in the 1990s. At that time, stockouts - failure to have the parts auto mechanics needed to do their work that day - increased the likelihood of the mechanics becoming customers of competing auto supply stores. To avoid this problem and keep his business customers, Steven most likely

Guessed A - used exclusive geographic territories to reduce supply chain inefficiencies (wrong)

Asked B - cancelled orders and shifted the business to competitors (wrong)

c. increased promotional outlays to overcome customer dissatisfaction

d. stockpiled inventory, adding to the cost of providing auto parts.