Sunrise Health Systems has hired a consultant to help with organizational decision making. The consultant's first meeting is set up to explain to the managers of Sunrise Health Systems various models of organizational decision processes. Each of the managers seems to prefer one of the models over the others.

The vice president of human resources believes that decision makers cannot be truly rational in their decisions. He tells the group that he sees many situations with managers who do not have enough time to process all the relevant information and who regularly face very complex problems. His observation illustrates

The president of the company tells his team that he has made an observation that the managers do not agree on goals or what actions should be taken. This situation best relates to

The vice president of production declares that her people disagree on goals and have now formed groups to advocate for their own interests. Her managers are using