Suppose a sample of students were given a diagnostic test before studying a particular module and then again after completing the module. We want to find out if, in general, if the teaching module leads to improvements in students’ knowledge/skills (i.e. test scores). Address this by answering the questions below. Data are in the following table.

1. What is/are the population(s) of interest? Think carefully and be as specific as possible!

2. What are the research and null hypotheses?

3. What is/are the sample(s)?

4. What is the comparison distribution a distribution of?

5. What are the properties of the comparison distribution?

6. What is/are the critical value(s) of the test?

7. What is the value of the test statistic?

8. What conclusion should the researcher draw?

9. Estimate the p value of the test. You will need to state a range.

Student 1 2 3 4 5 Means standard devs Pre-module 18 21 16 22 19 19.2 2.39 Post-module 22 25 17 24 16 20.8 4.09 Difference 4 14 1 2 -3 1.6 2.88