Suppose an application wants to send a 7 MiB file to its peer process using an existing TCP connection (i.e., already been established). Suppose the underlying physical link is the 802.11 WiFi network, which has 44 bytes of header+trailer and can carry a payload of the maximum size of 2312 bytes. As the network cannot carry the whole file in one single WiFI frame, the TCP layer has to segment the file into a number of TCP segments. Suppose each TCP segment carries 1400 bytes of file data and 24 bytes of headers. The segment is encapsulated inside an IP packet that has a header of 30 bytes. Then the IP packet is in turn encapsulated inside a WiFi frame.

Calculate a) (0.25 marks) the number of frames being generated to carry this traffic; b) (0.25 marks) the fraction of bandwidth wasted (because of the overhead in carrying protocols control information) incurred from segmenting the file into WiFi frames.