Suppose an Italian multinational wants to repatriate $1$ million euros $($gross of any withholding taxes and net of any foreign taxes on corporate income$)$ from its affiliates in France and Ireland. Each one of the two affiliates last year reported $2$ million euros pre$-$tax profits. France imposes a $40\%$ tax rate on corporate income independently of whether it is distributed or retained. Also, it imposes a $10\%$ withholding tax on repatriated profits. Ireland has zero corporate and withholding tax rates. Italy imposes a $30\%$corporate tax rate. a$)$ from which ones of the two affiliates the mother company will repatriate the $1$ million euros $($assume that any excess tax credit cannot be used elsewhere$)?$ What is the amount of the excess tax credits under the optimal choice? b$)$ How does your answer in $($a$)$ change if we assume that the mother company repatriates $1$ million euros net of any withholding taxes?