Table 1 shows the expected after-tax operating cash flows for each project. All projects are expected to have a 4 year life. The projects are different in size (the cost of initial investment), and their cash flow patterns are different.  They also differ in risk as indicated in the above table.

The capital budget is $20 million and the projects are mutually exclusive.

Capital Structures

Debt                                                          50%

Preferred Equity                                      10%

Common Equity                                       40%

                                                                 100%

Cost of capital                       

Given the following data:

1. The firm's tax rate is 35%.
2. The firm has issued a 10% semi-annual coupon bond with 8 years term to maturity. The current trading price is $990.
3. The firm has issued some preferred stock which pays an annual 10% dividend of $100 par value, and the current market price is $105
4. The firm's stock is currently selling for $36 per share. Its last dividend (D₀) was $3, and dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 6%. The current risk free return offered by Treasury security is 2.5%, and the market portfolio's return is 12%. The firm has a beta of 1.2. For the bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach, the firm uses a risk premium of 3%.
5. The firm adjusts its project WACC for risk by adding 1.5% to the overall WACC for high-risk projects and subtracting 1.5% for low-risk projects.

The firm executives have favored IRR in the past for making their capital budgeting decisions, some source says NPV was better than IRR, another source says that MIRR is also better than IRR.

Question

1. What is the firm's cost of debt?
2. What is the cost of preferred stock for the firm?
3. Common Equity
4. What is the estimated cost of common equity using the CAPM approach?
5. What is the estimated cost of common equity using the DCF approach?
6. What is the estimated cost of common equity using the bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach?
7. What is the final estimate for r?
8. What is the firm's overall WACC?
9. Should the firm should use the single overall WACC as the hurdle rate for each of its projects?

Table 1	A	B	C	D
t	-	-	-	-
0	19000000	20000000	14000000	18000000
1	8000000	11000000	5700000	3600000
2	8000000	10000000	5700000	7600000
3	8000000	8000000	5700000	5600000
4	8000000	4000000	5700000	5600000
Risk	Average	High	Low	Average