The average final exam score for the statistics course is 75%. A professor wants to see if the average final exam score for students who are given colored pens on the first day of class is lower. The final exam scores for the 12 randomly selected students who were given the colored pens are shown below. Assume that the distribution of the population is normal.

79, 81, 77, 88, 86, 88, 61, 55, 74, 83, 54, 88

What can be concluded at the the = 0.01 level of significance level of significance?

1. For this study, we should use Select an answer z-test for a population proportion t-test for a population mean
2. The null and alternative hypotheses would be:

H0:H0: ? p Select an answer < > =

H1:H1: ? p Select an answer = < >

1. The test statistic ? z t = (please show your answer to 3 decimal places.)
2. The p-value = (Please show your answer to 4 decimal places.)