The fange is made of carbon steel with a stainless steel lining (raised face) in the form of a ring. A nat asbestos gasket (Gasket factor=2) of 1000 mm inside diameter and 1080mm external clameter with 4mm thickness is used to cover the raised face. Estimate the folowing (i) Minimum bolt load under atmospheric and operating conditions in N (ii) Boit area in mm2. Data given: Minimum design seating stressw 10.5N/mm? , design pressure 0.4N/mm2 and permissible stress =52N/mm ? [12 M]