The flange is made of carbon steel with a stainless steel lining (raised face) in the form of a ring. A flat asbestos gasket (Gasket factor=2) of 1000 mm inside diameter and 1080 mm external diameter with 4mm thickness is used to cover the raised face. Estimate the following (i) Minimum bolt load under atmospheric and operating conditions in N (i) Bolt area in mm?. Data given: Minimum design seating stress 10.5N/mm?; design pressure= 0.4N/mm? and permissible stress=52N/mm?