The following information is available for three companies.

Rope Company Chain Company Line Company

Face value of bonds payable $ $395,000$ $ $617,000$ $ $620,000$

Interest rate $9\%8\%7\%$

Income tax rate $30\%15\%20\%$

Required

a$.$ Determine the annual before$-$tax interest cost for each company in dollars.

b$.$ Determine the annual after$-$tax interest cost for each company in dollars.

c$.$ Determine the annual after$-$tax interest cost for each company as a percentage of the face value of the bonds.