The following parameters are defined for a switching network:

N $=4=$ number of hops between two given end systems

L $=6000=$ message length in bits

B $=$ data rate, in bits per second $($bps$),$ on all links

P $=1080=$ fixed packet size, in bits

H $=80=$ overhead $($header$)$ bits per packet

S $=0\mathrm{.}2=$ call setup time $($circuit switching or virtual circuit$)$ in seconds

T $=0\mathrm{.}02=$ call teardown time $($circuit switching or virtual circuit$)$ in seconds

D $=0\mathrm{.}001=$ propagation delay per hop in seconds