The graph of a function $f$ is given. Use the graph to estimate the following.

$($a$)$ All the local maximum and minimum values of the function and the value of $x$ at which each occurs.

local maximum

local minimum $($smaller $x-$value$)$

local minimum $($larger $x-$value$)$

$($b$)$ The intervals on which the function is increasing and on which the function is decreasing. $($Enter your answers using interval notation.$)$

increasing

decreasing