The Mack Repair Shop repairs and services machine tools. A summary of its costs (by activity) for 2017 is as follows: (Click the icon to view data.) Read the requirements. Requirement 1. Classify each cost as value-added, non-value-added, or in the gray area between. a. Materials and labor for servicing machine tools b. Rework costs c. Expediting costs caused by work delays d. Materials-handling costs Value-added Non-value-added Non-value-added Gray area e. Materials-procurement and inspection costs Gray area f. Preventive maintenance of equipment g. Breakdown maintenance of equipment Gray area Non-value-added Requirement 2. For any cost classified in the gray area, assume 50% is value-added and 50% is non-value-added. How much of the total of all seven costs is value-added and how much is non-value-added? Compute the total cost for the value-added and nonvalue-added costs, then compute what percentage of the total is value-added and how much is non-value-added. Requirement 2. For any cost classified in the gray area, assume 50% is value-added and 50% is non-value-added. How much of the total of all seven costs is value-added and how much is non-value-added? Compute the total cost for the value-added and nonvalue-added costs, then compute what percentage of the total is value-added and how much is non-value-added. Total percent Value-added Non-value-added Total costs Total cost of total costs % % a. Materials and labor for servicing machine tools $ 790,000 b. Rework costs 75,000 c. Expediting costs caused by work delays 65,000 d. Materials-handling costs 65,000 e. Materials-procurement and inspection costs 45,000 f. Preventive maintenance of equipment 50,000 g. Breakdown maintenance of equipment 70,000 1. Classify each cost as value-added, non-value-added, or in the gray area between. 2. For any cost classified in the gray area, assume 50% is value-added and 50% is non-value-added. How much of the total of all seven costs is value-added and how much is non-value-added? 3. Mack is considering the following changes: (a) introducing quality-improvement programs whose net effect will be to reduce rework and expediting costs by 80% and materials and labor costs for servicing machine tools by 5%; (b) working with suppliers to reduce materials-procurement and inspection costs by 40% and materials-handling costs by 30%; and (c) increasing preventive-maintenance costs by 60% to reduce breakdown-maintenance costs by 50%. Calculate the effect of programs (a), (b), and (c) on value-added costs, non-value-added costs, and total costs. Comment briefly