The National Survey of Student Engagement conducts surveys to study various aspects of undergraduate education. In a recent survey, students were asked if they needed to explain the meaning of numerical or statistical data in a written assignment. Among the first-year students, 9,697 responded positively while 13,514 seniors responded positively. A total of 13,171 first-year students and 16,997 seniors from 622 U.S. four-year colleges and universities responded to the survey.

You need to perform the significance test and summarize the results and your conclusion. You test H₀: There is no association between grade level of students and whether or not they think statistical data needs to be explained;H_a: There is an association between grade level of students and whether or not they think statistical data needs to be explained.

Fill in the blank. (Give your answer to 4 decimal places.)

The value of ²is: _______.

df = ________

Is P-value greater than, less than, or not equal to 0.0001?