The past decade has seen a proliferation of different data types including audio, text, and video.

Consequently, $1-$tier database structures were not able to sustain this growth and varied data types. This

has resulted in the adoption of a $3-$tier architecture which has grown exponentially across all industries.

$3\mathrm{.}1$ Provide a contrast between a schema and a subschema utilised in database management. $(9$ Marks$)$

$3\mathrm{.}2$ Analyse how a multi$-$valued attribute is achieved. $(5$ Marks$)$

$3\mathrm{.}3$ Provide a detailed discussion on $3-$tier architecture. $(6$ Marks$)$