The principle of redundancy is used when system reliability is improved through redundant or backup components. Assume that astudent's alarm clock has a 15.8% daily failure rate. Complete parts(a) through(d) below.

a. What is the probability that thestudent's alarm clock will not work on the morning of an important finalexam?

(Round to three decimal places asneeded.)

b. If the student has two such alarmclocks, what is the probability that they both fail on the morning of an important finalexam?

(Round to five decimal places asneeded.)

c. What is the probability of not being awakened if the student uses three independent alarmclocks?

(Round to five decimal places asneeded.)

d. Do the second and third alarm clocks result in greatly improvedreliability?

A.

Yes, because total malfunction would not beimpossible, but it would be unlikely.

B.

No, because total malfunction would still not be unlikely.

C.

No, because the malfunction of both is equally or more likely than the malfunction of one.

D.

Yes, because you can always be certain that at least one alarm clock will work.