The single-effect evaporator operating continuously concentrates 9020 kg/hour black liquor with

solids content of 1.5% by weight which

entered at 35C to a final solids content of 5.0 wt%.

The evaporator pressure was 101.35 kPa (1.0 atm abs) and saturated steam at 198.53 kPa was used.

Overall coefficient, U = 1780 W/m.K.

a.

tung amount up and black leachate products.

b.

Calculate the required heat transfer area.

Assumption: boiling point of solution = boiling point of water.