The Socrates II European program supports cooperation in education in eight areas, from school to higher education, from new technologies, to adult learners. Within Socrates II is the program Erasmus that was established in 1987 with the objective to facilitate the mobility of higher education students within European universities. The program is named after the philosopher, theologian, and humanist, Erasmus of Rotterdam (1465 - 1536). Erasmus lived and worked in several parts of Europe in quest of knowledge and experience believing such contacts with different cultures could only furnish a broad knowledge. He left his fortune to the University of Basel and became a precursor of mobility grants.

The Erasmus program has 31 participating countries that include the 25 member states of the European Union, the three European Economic area countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway, and the current three candidate countries - Romania, Bulgaria, and Turkey. The program is open to universities for all higher education programs including doctoral courses. In between the academic years 1987 - 1988 to 2003 - 2004 more than 1 million university students had spent an Erasmus period abroad and there are 2,199 higher education institutions participating in the program. The European Union budget for 2000 - 2006 is ?950 million of which about ?750 million is for student grants. In the academic year 2003 - 2004, the Erasmus students according to their country of origin and their country of study, or host country is given in the cross-classification Table 1 and the field of study for these students according to their home country is given in Table 2. It is the target of the Erasmus program to have a balance in the gender mix and the program administrators felt that the profile for subsequent academic years would be similar to the profile for the academic year 2003 - 2004.

Required

A sample of random data for the Erasmus program for the academic year 2005 - 2006 was provided by the registrar's office and this is given in Table 3. Does this information bear out the program administrator's belief if this is tested at the 1%, 5%, and 10% significance level for a difference?

Table 1 Students by field of study 2003-2004 according to home country Subject AT BE BG CY CZ DK EE FI FR DE Agricultural sciences GR HU 37 IS IE 156 IT 51 LV 0 187 18 6 64 Architecture, Planning 398 181 81 136 3 128 163 3 32 0 317 168 14 54 12 30 Art and design 519 762 149 193 75 0 209 30 42 0 182 877 9 60 47 326 651 906 Business studies 143 114 1,117 24 90 1.089 756 31 97 7 584 364 47 1,383 6,573 Education, Teacher training 5,023 260 306 450 414 12 56 593 24 1,963 88 228 74 2 100 Engineering, Technology 320 535 81 126 248 22 24 384 133 3 267 481 27 112 22 487 2.833 Geography, Geology 1,376 143 147 20 32 52 28 1,545 12 10 O 90 27 9 33 259 Humanities 433 147 46 66 3 105 12 14 0 206 14 148 141 9 136 Languages, Philological 598 1,048 131 505 64 13 603 73 51 15 464 1,144 13 346 51 316 3,321 sciences 3,528 327 248 17 305 3,346 21 Law 231 357 37 0 185 103 28 117 1,449 Mathematics, Informatics 1,474 146 191 139 159 7 142 86 0 123 1,455 7 20 4 108 570 803 Medical sciences 104 64 4 144 45 349 392 13 60 12 222 115 12 291 399 Natural sciences 1.021 172 125 4 143 51 46 33 1.045 O 113 33 4 93 843 Social sciences 879 87 29 250 3 500 62 48 453 309 6 171 32 307 1,787 2,067 Communication and 343 200 15 112 210 212 2.220 19 0 38 14 44 12 100 information science 295 425 38 23 0 32 723 5 Other areas 28 30 2 0 91 4 8 60 166 Total 227 43 32 0 3,721 4,789 751 120 64 3.589 1,686 305 3,951 20,981 20,688 2,385 2.058 221 1,705 16,829 308Table 1 (Continued) Subject LI LT LU MT NL NO PL PT RO SK SI ES SE UK EUI Total Agricultural sciences 0 48 0 80 27 112 69 61 37 23 566 19 23 Architecture, Planning 0 g 2,717 37 4 2 109 19 321 264 64 18 24 854 54 96 Art and design 0 0 4,893 63 4 145 69 232 205 37 34 38 905 90 489 0 Business studies 6,138 10 241 15 6 1,089 275 1.342 386 290 169 146 3.244 902 1.332 0 Education, Teacher training 29,187 0 56 13 11 354 92 126 215 47 15 17 602 59 163 Engineering, Technology 0 0 4,326 189 6 9 224 112 752 479 604 106 35 3,109 424 269 0 Geography, Geology 14,314 0 25 84 5 158 66 147 10 6 450 31 88 Humanities 2,350 0 33 2 81 39 171 60 116 22 12 654 48 206 8 Languages, Philological 5,215 0 92 14 253 84 675 334 451 84 97 2,568 121 0 sciences 2,875 21,171 Law 0 87 6 31 303 77 429 190 98 25 51 1,413 195 754 Mathematics, Informatics 1 9,602 0 65 1 55 35 301 87 176 23 3 674 46 92 0 Medical sciences 4,179 0 85 32 219 142 247 407 209 71 6 1,211 176 232 Natural sciences 7,070 0 43 7 4 51 22 361 216 206 29 2 1.062 84 220 0 Social sciences 0 5,139 97 19 5 992 137 928 487 355 29 65 1,701 313 585 Communication and 14,214 0 17 264 10 68 155 54 3 19 800 information science 56 83 0 3,589 Other areas 0 16 0 85 11 53 162 40 7 2 221 29 32 0 Total 1.482 19 1,194 138 119 4,388 1,156 6,276 3,782 3,005 682 546 20,034 2,667 7,539 10 135,586Table 2 Erasmus students 2003-2007 by home country and host country Home Country Code AT BE BG CY CZ Austria DK EE FI AT FR 79 DE 3 GR 5 HU 51 IS IF IT Belgium 104 105 227 LV BE 7 528 11 262 30 Bulgaria 51 30 15 84 5 218 132 461 768 5 BG 52 46 306 75 28 3 14 121 16 167 4 Cyprus CY 1 136 0 227 62 0 39 Czech Republic 2 6 CZ 14 211 9 134 4 13 0 103 3 Denmark DK 241 70 510 44 931 78 2 19 43 180 Estonia 2 EE 5 16 260 302 13 3 12 36 19 111 Finland FI 229 47 42 148 59 6 5 9 126 37 2 35 26 France FR 361 413 120 154 10 72 162 206 14 111 Germany 500 21 727 190 9 DE 387 330 17 2.804 218 169 Greece 7 207 23 410 1,081 25 1,550 GR 71 918 3 3.997 140 6 165 63 171 47 45 926 1,755 Hungary 116 23 HU 110 420 98 356 20 44 27 Iceland 201 248 IS 10 4 276 566 42 227 Ireland 54 15 IE 35 47 26 40 3 6 1 30 2 40 16 Italy 26 IT 339 633 557 292 7 12 5 Latvia 86 357 28 109 LV 367 8 2,859 27 1.994 180 129 29 Liechtenstein 13 230 4 LI 0 42 18 0 111 2 2 Lithuania 2 LI 3 49 70 1 Luxembourg 145 LU 180 17 77 294 18 10 2 67 Malta 0 0 2 MT 4 0 27 5 39 0 0 0 0 9 0 Netherlands 0 0 2 0 NL 98 6 3 184 6 1 0 0 Norway 44 158 6 7 52 NO 275 543 50 391 28 0 42 0 0 49 11 88 0 256 Poland 53 15 6 PL 159 156 358 190 15 0 0 Portugal 362 17 35 PT 310 0 53 250 855 8 1.870 8 122 103 63 3 74 95 181 Romania RO 38 163 325 295 53 59 4 19 Slovakia 29 713 SK 33 5 44 1,125 50 457 87 21 148 Slovenia 11 SI 52 59 80 30 191 24 2 19 24 58 Spain ES 298 52 1.054 125 6 11 0 Sweden 169 573 56 SE 12 501 142 3.412 42 2.553 0 0 178 38 25 67 21 513 4.250 United Kingdom UK 10 143 24 117 5 484 A 426 17 9 80 EUI* 107 28 136 8 EUR 233 137 2,303 3 2 1,127 60 31 21 740 Total 3,161 4,513 4 90 62 1,298 *European University Institute, Florence 3,396 166 4,932 20,275 16,874 1,593 951 199 3,587 12,743 65Table 2 (Continued) Home Country Code LI LT LU MT Austria NL NO AT PL PT 12 RO 0 SK 14 ES Belgium 215 SI 82 22 SE UK BE 60 0 8 Total 7 3 6 13 16 631 Bulgaria 377 40 305 59 410 BG 207 30 3,721 10 Cyprus 23 1,287 149 34 341 4,789 CY 43 44 751 Czech Republic CZ 203 3 5 8 Denmark 189 64 DK 3 4 117 27 286 12 163 Estonia EE 15 317 5 3.589 10 5 259 30 Finland FI 4 330 1,686 15 16 377 30 15 26 8 France FR 60 58 305 25 13 6 43 22 29 101 Germany 391 246 479 552 3.951 DE 314 8 288 49 167 28 30 862 40 5,115 Greece 463 395 1.062 20,981 GR 283 4.652 1 27 26 24 4.325 17 1.653 Hungary 106 14 90 3,159 20,688 HU 0 2 145 374 109 139 Iceland 2,385 IS 42 13 125 58 109 Ireland 1 2.058 IE 4 Italy 5 1 10 36 2 IT 10 1 28 18 13 221 71 Latvia 607 156 3 291 174 57 766 37 129 29 1,705 LV 20 24 5.688 399 16,829 Liechtenstein LI 4 1,511 32 7 Lithuania 4 LT 2 308 30 1 5 Luxembourg LU 51 19 0 0 61 Malta 0 0 1 120 6 22 MT 0 1.194 0 7 0 14 3 16 Netherlands 2 138 NL 0 10 0 18 3 Norway 140 1 21 22 NO 0 93 0 14 19 3 78 907 0 389 635 Poland 0 1.388 PL 36 0 231 42 159 1,156 Portugal 294 PT 26 222 0 4 546 337 Romania 250 38 125 286 5.276 RO 68 7 14 72 920 9 119 178 Slovakia 3,782 SK 3 29 285 42 86 3.005 Slovenia SI 30 59 17 Spain 25 682 ES 30 32 0 24 0 g 1.263 63 200 17 Sweden SE 176 29 992 50 546 0 11 0 32 11 22 22 670 2,974 United Kingdom 236 20,034 UK 24 0 25 3 3 0 0 370 EUI* 12 6 365 69 42 494 2,667 EUR 97 16 6 1.636 238 Total 7,539 11 218 14 253 6,733 *European University Institute, Florence 1,523 1,459 2 3,766 10 536 181 201 24,076 6,082 16,628 135,586Table 3 Sample of Erasmus student enrollments for the academic year 2005-2006 Family name First name Home country Study area Gender Algard Erik Norway Business studies M Alinei Gratian Romania Business studies M Andersen Birgitte Brix Denmark Engineering, Technology F Bay Hilde Norway Social sciences F Bednarczyk Tomasz Poland Law M Berberich Remi Germany Engineering, Technology M Berculo Ruwan Netherlands Business studies M Engler Dorothea Germany Geography, Geology F Ernst Folker Germany Business studies M Fouche Elie France Education, Teacher training M Garcia Miguel Spain Communication and M information science Guenin Aurelie France Humanities F Johannessen Sanne Lyng Denmark Business studies F Justnes Petter Norway Languages, Philological M sciences Kauffeldt Ane Katrine Denmark Business studies F Keddie Nikki United Kingdom Mathematics, Informatics F Lorenz Jan Sebastian Germany Business studies M Mallet Guillaume France Business studies M Manzo Margherita Italy Business studies F Margineanu Florin Romania Agricultural sciences M Miechowka Anne Sophie France Engineering, Technology F Mynborg Astrid Denmark Humanities F Napolitano Silvia Italy Architecture, Planning F Neilson Alison United Kingdom Business studies F Ou Kalvin France Education, Teacher training M Rachbauer Thomas Austria Engineering, Technology M Savreux Margaux France Mathematics, Informatics F Seda Jiri Czech Republic Agricultural sciences M Semoradove Petra Czech Republic Natural sciences F Torres Maria Teresa Spain Humanities F Ungerstedt Malin Sweden Law F Ververken Alexander Belgium Languages, Philological M sciences Viscardi Alessandra Italy Business studies F Zawisza Katarzyna Poland Business studies F