The United States ranks first among developed nations in rates of both teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIS). Abstinence-only sex education has been advanced in many U.S. states to address high rates of pregnancy, abortion, and STIS. Empirical evidence indicates that abstinence- based programs likely have the opposite effect of their intentions. That is, states that have adopted abstinence only messages have experienced higher rates of teen pregnancies, abortions, and STI than states that did not adopt abstinence messaging. For example, Stanger-Hall and Hall (2011) hypothesized that states with low-levels of "abstinence messaging" (LA) would have lower rates of teen pregnancy, teen abortion, and teen STIS than states with high-levels of "abstinence messaging" (HA) in their sex education curriculam. Regarding teenage birth rates, they reported that states with low-levels of "abstinence messaging" in their sex education (n=20) average 56.4 teen births (per 1000 girls aged 14-19) with a standard deviation of 11.6 and states with high-levels of "abstinence messaging" (HA) in their sex education (n=21) average 73.2 teen births with a standard deviation of 29.0. A) State the Null and Research Hypotheses. B) using an alpha level of 0.01 find the critical value of this test C) what is the obtained value for the t-statistic D) what can we conclude from our findings