The world's largest retailer, Walmart, owns and manages its own fleet of trucks. The company has often received praise for its distribution capabilities. The practice, however, seems to represent a stark contrast to the practice of outsourcing not only shipping, but other logistics operations to third-party logistics providers.

1. Under what conditions would it make sense for a firm to own and manage its own trucking operation?

2. What will influence the decision regarding outsourcing for other services?

Please cite references