This research has been very difficult, I need help identifying if there are certain labs that are taking longer than the 7 days to return the results.

Case:

You've noticed it's been taking a long time for the pathology results to come back from the various pathologist labs. A lot of the time the results are not back by the following week when the patient comes back to learn the results of their tests. So you did some benchmarking and found that most other organizations get their pathology reports back within 7 days, so they have them in time for the patient's follow up appointment.

1. What would the null hypothesis be for this case?

2. Based on the null hypothesis, what is an alternate hypothesis for this case?

3. Discuss how ignoring the baseline can cause an error in this research?

Using Excel

Group 1 data

Column A

Lab Sent To (1: In-House, 2: City Lab, 3: Mayo, 4: VA 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 2 4

Using Excel

Group 2 data

Column B

Days until Path Results Come Back

1 1 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 12 10 10 12 11 11 10 11 10 12

The data collected to compare to the benchmark is in the column B, but must also go a step further to identify some specifics about the data in the column A, that will be used to identify if there are certain labs that are taking longer than the 7 days to return the results.

4. What type of research is conducted?

5. Explain in detailed words, one type of sampling that can be used for this research project?

6. How might you have insured validity and reliability of your data? 7. Identify the type of data in column A (Nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio)?

8. Identify the type of data in column B. (Nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio) And (discrete or continuous)?

For the data results in column B: 9. Identify the mean. 10. Identify the median. 11. Identify the mode? 12. What is the range? 13. Determine the variance? 14. Identify the standard deviation? 15. Present a histogram graph to display this frequency distribution?

16. Based on the properties of normal distribution (empirical rule), Identify the range that 68.2% of the data falls within? 17. Based on the properties of normal distribution (empirical rule),Identify the range within two standard deviations? 18. Based on the properties of normal distribution (empirical rule), Identify the range that 99.7% of the data falls within? 19. Is this data normally distributed, or skewed?

20. Calculate the Z score for each data point and identify if there are any outliers?

Using Both columns:(A and B) 21. Present a scatterplot graph. 21. What is the correlation between the two variables? 22. If there is a correlation, is it positive or negative?

23. Identify something that could be inferred from this data (Causation).

Back to column B data:

24. Confidence Intervals: If the data in column B were actually the means of several different sample sets, we could calculate the standard error of the mean in order to identify the confidence intervals to predict what will happen in the future. Let's pretend (just for #24) that our data in column B is the averages from many different sample sets (so like we did this research many times, and this is a list of our averages).

a. Calculate the standard error of the mean:

b. We could predict the following: According to the data you collected, what can you predict with 95% confidence? For example,"we receive our pathology reports back between________ and _______ days" (# of days)

25. Now let's compare a sample to the standard, our benchmark, to see if our data is statistically significant, is it the same or different? Run the T-Test in Excel. What is the P-Value? 26. What can you conclude regarding the research study? Will the Null hypothesis be rejected or failing to reject the Null hypothesis? What does this mean? Does something need to change in the case department?