Time value of money: Lump sumps payments are known as limp sums. We can solve for the future value or the present value of a lump sum as we discuss below. Finding the future value (FV) or compounding is the process of going from today's values to future amounts. The PV equation is: FV_N = PV (1 + 1)^N Here, PV - present value; I - interest rate per year, and N - number of periods. You can use calculators and spreadsheets to find future values. A graph of the process shows how any sum grows over time at various interest rates. The greatest the interest rate, the the growth rate. Finding the present value (PV) is called discounting, and it is simply the reverse of I general, the present value of a cash flow due N years in the future is the amount which, if it were on hand today, would grow to equal the given future amount. The PV equation is: Present value = PV = Fy_N/(1 + 1)^2 A graph of the discounting process shows how the present value of any sum to be received in the future decreases and approaches as the years to receipt increases, and the present value declines faster at interest rates. The fundamental goal of financial management is to maximize the firm's value, and the value of any asset is the value of its expected future cash flows. One can solve for either the interest rate or the number of periods using the FV and the PV equations The easiest way to solve for the these variables is with a financial calculator or a spreadsheet. You deposit $1, 6000 into an account that pays 7% per year. Your plan is to withdraw this amount at the end of 5 years to use for a down payment on an new car. How much will you be able to withdraw at the end of 5 years? Round your answer to the nearest cent. Do not round intermediate calculations. Today, you invest a lump sum amount in an equality fund that provides an 12 % annual return. You would like to have %11, 900 in 6 years to help with a shown payment for a home. How much do you need to deposit today to reach your $11, 900 goal? Round your answer to the nearest cent. Do not round intermediate calculations