1. To fully understand computer networking, you require to have a good knowledge of the Decimal, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal number systems. This lab work will assist you to become proficient with the following four number systems:

• Binary number system
• Decimal number system
• Octal number system
• Hexadecimal

All students should able to convert between number systems without using a computer or calculator.

1. The following table shows binary numbers. Convert each binary number to its decimal equivalent manually.

Binary number	Decimal number
1000
1 1001
1100
1 1110
11111111

2. The following table shows binary numbers. Convert each binary numbers to its hexadecimal and octal manually.

Binary number	Hexadecimal number	Octal number
1011 1101
1011 1011 1100 0010
0000 0011
0001 0010 0100
1110 1110 0001

3. The following table shows decimal numbers. Convert each decimal numbers to its binary manually.

Decimal number	Binary number
19
255
63

2. Perform the following unsigned binary additions and determine the validity of the result for 8 bits, for verification convert the numbers & results to decimal (you can use calculator or computer to convert from binary to decimal):

0111 1001₂

+ 0100 0001₂

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1110 1110₂

+1110 1101₂

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3. Perform the following unsigned binary subtractions and determine the validity of the result, for verification convert the numbers & results to decimal (you can use calculator or computer to convert from binary to decimal):

0101 1110₂

- 0011 0110₂

----------------------------

1100 1111₂

- 1101 0001₂

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