Question
To investigate the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Malaysia from 1970 to 2016, we have test the stationarity of the time series
To investigate the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Malaysia from 1970 to 2016, we have test the stationarity of the time series by Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Phillips-Perron (PP) and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) tests.
Comment/ interpret the result from the table.
Variables | Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) | Phillips-Perron (PP) | Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) | |||
Intercept | Trend & Intercept | Intercept | Trend & Intercept | Intercept | Trend & Intercept | |
At level | ||||||
GDPPC | 0.2455 | 0.4031 | 0.2455 | 0.4008 | 0.8891 | 0.1381 |
M2 | 0.0852 | 0.4471 | 0.0183 | 0.5024 | 0.8814 | 0.1801 |
EX | 0.1504 | 0.9915 | 0.1000 | 0.9971 | 0.8746 | 0.1922 |
IMP | 0.1442 | 0.9125 | 0.1539 | 0.9692 | 0.8730 | 0.1977 |
FD | 0.0888 | 0.1804 | 0.0615 | 0.2164 | 0.7325 | 0.1773 |
At 1st difference | ||||||
GDPPC | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.3421 | 0.0546 |
M2 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.4467 | 0.0743 |
EX | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.5248 | 0.1044 |
IMP | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.4359 | 0.0605 |
FD | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.2194 | 0.0799 |
Notes:*GDPPC, GDP per capita (current LCU); M2, broad money; EX, exports of goods and services(current LCU); IMP, imports of goods and services (current LCU); FD, financial development.
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