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To investigate the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Malaysia from 1970 to 2016, we have test the stationarity of the time series

To investigate the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Malaysia from 1970 to 2016, we have test the stationarity of the time series by Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Phillips-Perron (PP) and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) tests.

Comment/ interpret the result from the table.

Variables

Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF)

Phillips-Perron (PP)

Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS)

Intercept

Trend & Intercept

Intercept

Trend & Intercept

Intercept

Trend & Intercept

At level

GDPPC

0.2455

0.4031

0.2455

0.4008

0.8891

0.1381

M2

0.0852

0.4471

0.0183

0.5024

0.8814

0.1801

EX

0.1504

0.9915

0.1000

0.9971

0.8746

0.1922

IMP

0.1442

0.9125

0.1539

0.9692

0.8730

0.1977

FD

0.0888

0.1804

0.0615

0.2164

0.7325

0.1773

At 1st difference

GDPPC

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.3421

0.0546

M2

0.0001

0.0001

0.0000

0.0000

0.4467

0.0743

EX

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.5248

0.1044

IMP

0.0001

0.0001

0.0001

0.0001

0.4359

0.0605

FD

0.0000

0.0001

0.0000

0.0000

0.2194

0.0799

Notes:*GDPPC, GDP per capita (current LCU); M2, broad money; EX, exports of goods and services(current LCU); IMP, imports of goods and services (current LCU); FD, financial development.

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