Typically, a smartphone is used by a single person, and carried on the body more or less permanently. It is therefore seen as very personal and private device, which one would not want to hand to someone unknown. The information stored on such devices, including calls, text messages, contact lists, calendar, photos, videos, visited websites, the phone's location and motion behavior, provides detailed insights into the user's personality and everyday life. It is not only information about friends and family that is stored on such a device, but also work, finance and health contacts. Most of the time, mobile devices are connected to the Internet. Potentially, the integrated sensors can always be activated. Many users also store passwords on their smartphone, which provide access to personal user accounts such as email, social networks and e-commerce. Smartphones entail several specific risks regarding users' privacy" (Wolfie, Spekermann, 2016, Networks of Control..., p. 47.) Using the above quote as a prompt, please discuss the three aspects related to quality, ethics, and law. For purpose of grading evaluation, you may revise the rubric available in the syllabus.

CASE ANALYSIS STRUCTURE:

A: INTRODUCTION

B) CONTENT

B 1) QUALITY: Considering that AI algorithms rely heavily on correlations, rather than causations, the networked databases are not only abused as they discriminate against people with specific profile attributes, but they are also used to make us change our behavior at scale. (Wolfie, Spekermann: 2016, p. 7) If correlations are used in determining your likes and preferences, does a label applied to you by an AI algorithm say who you truly are, or it misrepresents you? Are the AI programmers who wrote the codes for the interlinked databases experts in personality psychology to determine the quality of your own life?

B 2) ETHICS: While accepting to download a free app on your smartphone, it is now evident that this comes at the price of your privacy. Beyond this, there are hidden codes and algorithms embedded in your telephone collecting data on you, which, on the long term, might subject you to various forms of discrimination, as determined by the algorithm. When determining the use of AI in your company will you focus on the short term gains that the algorithm might provide for your company, or will you consider the potential long term consequences of your decision? Will you apply the logic "the end justifies the means" to make more money? Will you want to consider yourself a virtuous decisionmaker?

B 3) LAW: Because human being is corruptible and the ethical ideals are regularly misused, abused and abandoned, laws become necessary. What type of regulations do you think it should be implemented for AI regarding the potential misuse by the interlinked databases? Should strict regulations be written at the company level and enforced on the programmers writing the algorithm, even if this might be strategically disadvantageous? Do you support industry self-regulations and if so, why and how? Should there be national laws regulating high-risk AI? Is international law a viable option?