United Airlines has just signed a contract to purchase some A320 planes from Airbus for 100,000,000 euros. The payment is due six months or 180 days later. You are in the Treasury department of United Airlines and need to make a recommendation to the Treasurer regarding how best to hedge the exchange rate risk of this transaction. You have gathered the following information:

The spot exchange rate is $1.1000/. That is to say, 1 euro = 1.1000 US dollars

The six-month forward rate is $1.1100/

The companys cost of capital is 12% per annum.

The euro 6-month borrowing rate is 4% per annum (or 2% for 6 months)

The euro 6-month lending rate is 2% per annum (or 1% for 6 months)

The US dollar 6-month borrowing rate is 5% per annum (or 2.5% for 6 months)

The US dollar 6-month lending rate is 3% per annum (or 1.5% for 6 months)

The premium on six-month call options on the euro with a strike price of $1.1100 is 2%.

You need to compute the total cost in dollars of each hedging alternative. Note that the phrase total cost in dollars refers to the total cash outflow in dollars when the payment is made in six months. Also, keep in mind that cash flows that occur at different points in time are not directly comparable. You need to put them on a common footing by computing their present value or future value.

a) Suppose that United Airlines were to hedge its transaction exposure using a forward contract. Should the firm sell or buy euros forward? What is the total cost in dollars (i.e., what will be the total cash outflow in dollars in six months)?

b) Suppose United Airlines chooses a money market hedge. Spell out the transactions that the firm will need to undertake to implement this hedge. What is the total cost in dollars using this hedge?

c) Suppose United Airlines decides to hedge using a call option on the euro.

(i) Suppose that the spot rate in 6 months is $1.05 per euro. Will United exercise the call option? What will be the total cost in dollars after taking into account (the future value of) the cost of the option?

(ii) Suppose that the spot rate in 6 months is $1.15 per euro. Will United exercise the call option? What will be the total cost in dollars after taking into account (the future value of) the cost of the option?

d) Suppose that you strongly expect the euro to appreciate. In that case, which hedging alternatives would you recommend? Briefly justify your recommendation

e) Suppose that you expect the euro to depreciate. How much does the euro need to depreciate in order to make the call option a better alternative than the forward contract? In other words, how low does the euro have to go in value to make the call option a better alternative than the forward contract? Explain your calculations