Using your knowledge of organizational design, choose the best answer to complete the statements. All employees on the shop foor at Alfredo's Sausage are responsible for creating the best-quality product possible. They identify, investigate, and oddress problems. They atso are responsible for selecting, training, evaluating, and, if necessary, terminoting the employees who work with them. There are few layers of management. Alfredo's 5aushge is an example of a organization. As a result of this structure, which of the following are you likely to observe? check all that apply. Employee specialization that, in tum, leads to increased efficiency Decentraizzed decision making, with responsibility pushed to lowe Fhevels The company being particularly effective in an environment that demands flexibility An emphasis on horizontal communication, which faelitates rapld decision making The team organization is an emerging form of structure in which there is little functional hierarchy, People work on specific projects that requlre their particular skills and then move on to different projects. This provides a flexible and dynamic structure. It can help avoid the potential for groupthink that can occur in long-standing work teams. In on interview on the fallacles and challenges of work teams, J. Richard Hackman-the Edgar Pierce Professor of Social and Organizational Psychology at Harvard University until his death in 2013 and the author or co-author of 10 books on group dynamicsnoted that teams perform better the longer they are able to stay and work together. When asked how a long-standing team can avoid. complacency, Hackman said this: "This is where what 1 call a deviant comes in. Every team needs a deviant, someone who can help the team by chailenging the tendency to want too much homogeneity, which can stifle creativity and learning. Peviants are the ones who stond back and say, "Weil, wait a minute, Why are we oven doing this at ally What if we looked at the thing backwards or turned it inside out? That's when people say, 'Oh, no, no, no, that's ridiculous,' and so the discussion about what's ridiculous comes up. Unlike the Cfo t mentioned before, who deraied the teom by shutting down discussions, the deviant opens up more ideas, and that gets you a lot more originality. In our rasearch, we ve looked carefully at both teams thot produced something original and those that were meraly average, where nothing renily sparked. It tumed out that the teams with deviants outperformed teams without them. In many cases, deviant thinking is a source of great innovotion." Professor.Hackman. was commenting on the effect of a deviant in a long-standing work team. Step back: and consider whether a deviant might have a simliar effect in the team organization, which does not have long-torm or permanent teams. Hackman suggests that a deviant cen improve a group's Innovation by opening up discussion of new ideas. This corresponds to a reduction in which is desirabie, but can also result in meetings that are Modernshed is a company that provides custom-designed shed kits. The company has no employees, Insteod, functions are performed by contract workers on an as-needed basis. Modernshed can be classined as a organizstion