Value of a statistical life (VSL): On average, Canadians work for 45 years in their lifetime. If the average income is $60,000 per year and the discount rate is 3%, the implied VSL (to the nearest integer, no decimal place) is equal to _ This approach to nd VSL is likely to be an -estimation of the social value of life because 0 a. $1,4?1,123; under; it excludes the value of leisure O b. $2,000,000; over; it excludes the costs of pollution on health 0 c. $713,084; under; it excludes the value of satisfaction from work 0 d. $7,354,040; over; it excludes the costs of crime and substance abuse