What are the advantage and disadvantage of using the following types of Management Information Systems? Explain each clearly.

1. Transaction Processing System
2. Operations Information System
3. Decision Support System
4. Expert System

Operations information systems Many types of management information systems followed hard on the heels of transaction processing systems in the 1960s. An operations information sys. tem is a system that gathers comprehensive data, organizes it, and summarizes it in a form that is of value to managers, Whereas a transaction processing system processes routine transactions, an operations information system provides man- agers with information that they can use in their nonroutine coordinating, con; trolling, and decision-making tasks. Most operations information systems are coupled with a transaction processing system. An operations information system typically accesses data gathered by a transaction-processing system, processes that data into useful information, and organizes that information into a form a cessible to managers. Managers often use an operations information system to obtain sales, inventory, accounting, and other performance-related information. For example, the information that T. J. Rodgers at Cypress Semiconductor gets on individual employee goals and performance is provided by an operations information system.Decision support systems A decision support system is an interactive computer-based system that provides models that help managers make better nonprogrammed decisions." Recall from Chapter 5 that nonprogrammed decisions are decisions that are relatively unusual or novel, such as decisions to invest in new productive capacity, develop a new product, launch a new promotional campaign, enter a new market, or expand internationally. Although an operations information system organizes important in formation for managers, a decision support system gives managers a model-build- ing capability and so provides them with the ability to manipulate information in a variety of ways. Managers might use a decision support system to help them decide whether to cut prices for a product. The decision support system might contain models of how customers and competitors would respond to a price cut. Manage could run these models and use the results as an aid to decision makingTransaction-processing systems A transaction processing system is a system designed to handle large volumes of routine, recurring transactions. Transaction-processing systems began to ap- pear in the early 1960s with the advent of commercially available mainframe computers. They were the first type of computer-based management information system adopted by many organizations, and today they are commonplace. Bank managers use a transaction-processing system to record deposits into, and pay- ments out of, bank accounts. Supermarket managers use a transaction-processing system to record the sale of items and to track inventory levels. More generally